1. SCIENCE Q&A SPORTS NOURADEIN AHMED 8B- 3/17/15

2. VOCABULARY Hydration- The process of providing an adequate amount of liquid to bodily tissues Sport- Game or activity that is governed by a set of rules. Exercise- To work out to make your body healthier. Athlete- A person who plays a sport(s). Steroids- Drugs used by some athletes which help them recover faster after a workout. Dehydration- To lose water from your body and become dry.

3. WHAT IS A SPORT?  A game or activity that is controlled by a set of rules that is based on competitions.  Held between a team or a player.  Competition to see which player/team will come out victourious. (Creighton, 4)

4. WHAT ARE EXTREME SPORTS?  Very wild and dangerous  Includes a large variety of sports such as rock climbing, snowboarding, skydiving, mountain biking, motorcross, SCUBA Diving, hang gliding, and bungee jumping. (Creighton, 38)

5. WHAT ARE STEROIDS?  Some athletes take steroids to improve their performance.  Stimulates muscles into taking more protein.  Helps athletes train harder by helping them recover faster after a workout. (Creighton, 25)

6. WHY IS IT IMPORTANT TO WARM-UP BEFORE EXERCISE?  Warming up sends blood flowing to the muscles  Makes muscles looser and less likely to ear while playing a sport.  Keeps your muscles, ligaments, and tendons flexible around the joints. (Creighton, 11)

7. WHY DO WE BREATHE HARDER AND SWEAT DURING EXERCISE?  Muscles use more oxygen when they are at rest.  For working muscles to get more oxygen, lungs have to breathe deeper and faster.  Muscles produce heat when we exercise.  When we sweat, it evaporates and removes some of the body’s extra heat, which basically cools us off. (Creighton, 9)

8. HOW DO MUSCLES IMPACT RUNNING?  Muscles are made up of many tiny cells called fibers.  Two different types of fibers called Slow-twitch and Fast twitch.  Slow-twitch fibers used for endurance sports like long- distance running.  Fast-twitch fibers used when the body needs to move quickly, like jogging. (Creighton, 7)

9. HOW DOES BETTER EQUIPMENT HELP RESULTS?  Helped athletes to continuously break records.  In the first Olympic Games, the record pole vaulter reached 11 ft with a bamboo pole.  Now, athletes can make more than 19 ft with springy fiberglass poles. (Creighton, 19)

10. HOW IMPORTANT IS CLOTHING TO PERFORMANCE AND SAFETY?  Spandex is a thin, synthetic, stretchable, and warm material that lets athletes move faster than ever  Reduces air resistance.  Helmets are worn to protect the head in case athletes fall or hit their head. (Creighton, 21)

11. WHY DO BALLS BOUNCE?  Force of the ball hitting the ground puts an equal force back onto the ball which makes it bounce up.  Balls are made out of an elastic material like rubber.  They can be stretched or dented and return to its normal shape.  (UCSB Science Line)

12. WHAT ARE HUMAN MACHINES?  Scientists use high-speed cameras and computer programs that are able to analyze the body in detail.  Show problems with athletes and show how they can fix them for better performance.  Beneficial to lots of athletes. (Creighton, 41)

13. ARE SPORTS DRINKS BETTER THAN WATER  People need water to keep hydrated. When we sweat we lose water which can lead to dehydration.  We also lose electrolytes which has sodium and potassium.  Some sports drinks last longer which is more beneficial. (Creighton, 23)

14. HOW DO ANIMALS PLAY A ROLE IN SPORTS?  Animals like horses and bulls are very popular in sports.  In North America, rodeos contain the use of animals which is very popular.  Back then, animals were used in sports. For example, South Africa used ostriches in races. (Creighton, 37)

15. VIDEO https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=asygQ8hTp44 Are Sports Drinks better than Water?

16. CITATIONS Creighton, Jayne, Science Q&A Sports, 2010, Weigl Publishers INC, 2010 UCSB Science Line, “How do Balls Bounce? Does it do with gravity?” Scienceline.ucbs.edu, NSF, N/A, 3/5/15