1. Chapter 6 Section 1 Pages 228-251

2. The U.S. became a leading Industrial Power Due to: The abundance of natural resources The development of new technologies

3. New Business Strategies Caused the rise of Big Business The creation of Labor Unions

4. The Rise of Industry At the end of the Civil War the U.S. was still primarily agricultural By 1900 the U.S> was the world’s leading industrial power

5. Causes of Industrial Growth Plenty of Natural Resources Government support of Bigh Business Growing Urban population –Cheap Labor –Growing markets

6. Oil Until the mid 19 th century oil was valuable As a lubricant (for machinery For Kerosene to light lamps The gasoline was thrown away!

7. 1859 Drake Used a steam engine to drill for oil in Pennsylvania Made the process easier, cheaper

8. Steel Coal production 1870 33 million tons 1900 250 million tons In 1887 huge iron ore deposits were found in Minnesota

9. Iron Dense but soft and impure Tendency to break, rust There WERE processes to remove impurities but expensive and time consuming…impractical

10. By 1850 The Bessemer Process Developed independently by an American (Kelly) and an Englishman (Bessemer) The Process: air was injected into molten iron to remove carbon and other impurities

11. By 1880 U.S. iron manufacturers were producing 90% of U.S. steel needs The Bessemer process was improved over time and then replaced by the Open Hearth process.

12. Steel replaced Iron The growth of Steel towns Impact on farm machinery Railroads Barbed Wire! Skyscrapers Bridges (Brooklyn Bridge 1883)

13. Important Inventions The incandescent light bulb 1876 Edison lab at Menlo Park, NJ Patent in 1880 By1890 electricity used in factories: machinery, printing presses, streetcars, etc. Westinghouse too

14. Impact Factories did not n eed to be located by water Saved humans from much hard labor Some were put out of work by machinery Standard of living improved Working hours in decline

15. Other Inventions Sholes the typewriter Belltelephone Rittythe cash register Singer and Howeimproved the sewing machine BoroughsThe adding machine

16. Pink Collar Jobs 1870 5% of office workers were women 191040% of office workers were women

17. Industry and the Environment Employment and standard of living way up Work week reduced by 10 hours a week BUT new air and water pollution Factory towns were not pleasant

18. Question to Consider Explain how the growth of industry improved American life and how it may have had a negative impact.

19. Terms to know for Part 1 Drake Bessemer Process Edison Sholes Bell