1. Introduction to Software Design

2. Yes Make Modifications Inception Analysis Specification Design Programming Testing Use Program Errors? Fulfills User Needs Major Faults Modify Design Modify Program Yes No

3. Software Life Cycle Definition Definition Design Design Design AimsDesign Aims Reliability Reliability Maintainability Maintainability Corrective MaintenanceCorrective Maintenance Adaptive MaintenanceAdaptive Maintenance Perfective MaintenancePerfective Maintenance Performance Performance Portability Portability Implementation Implementation Maintenance Maintenance

4. Design Methods Design Methods Design Methods LinearLinear EvolutionaryEvolutionary Bottom UpBottom Up Top DownTop Down Best Method Best Method Functional Decomposition Functional Decomposition Building Blocks Building Blocks

5. Design Methodologies Structure Diagram Structure Diagram SequenceSequence IterationIteration SelectionSelection Modular Flowcharts Modular Flowcharts SequenceSequence IterationIteration SelectionSelection Pseudo code Pseudo code SequenceSequence IterationIteration SelectionSelection

6. Programming Languages Computer Languages Low-Level Languages. Machine Code Assembly Language High-Level Languages Language Translations Assembly Language High-Level language Translators Language Syntax Compiler and Interpreters Language Libraries Types of High-Level Languages High-Level versus Low-Level Languages Integrated Development Systems

7. Block Structured Languages Language Statements Language Statements Executable StatementsExecutable Statements Declaration StatementsDeclaration Statements Keywords Keywords Identifiers Identifiers Variables Variables Data TypesData Types Numeric Numeric Non-Numeric Non-Numeric Data Declarations Data Declarations In PascalIn Pascal In CIn C Block and Compound Statements Block and Compound Statements Comments Comments

8. Simple Program Producing Output Producing Output Obtaining Input. Obtaining Input. The Simple Input-Output Program in CThe Simple Input-Output Program in C The Simple Input-Output Program in PascalThe Simple Input-Output Program in Pascal Program Operation Program Operation Assignment Statement Assignment Statement Calculations Calculations Assignment Compatibility Assignment Compatibility Integer Vs. Floating Point DivisionInteger Vs. Floating Point Division Input-Calculate-Output Programs Input-Calculate-Output Programs Output Format of Floating Point Numbers Output Format of Floating Point Numbers Output Formatting in COutput Formatting in C Output Formatting in PascalOutput Formatting in Pascal

9. Modular Programming Modular Programs Modular Programs Implementing Modules Implementing Modules Order of Procedure Declaration Order of Procedure Declaration

10. Selection and Iteration Conditional Statements Conditional Statements Equal ToEqual To Not Equal ToNot Equal To Greater ThanGreater Than Greater Than or Equal ToGreater Than or Equal To Less ThanLess Than Less Than or Equal ToLess Than or Equal To Practical If Statements Practical If Statements Boolean ValuesBoolean Values Boolean Operators Boolean Operators Iteration … Loops Iteration … Loops Fixed and Non FixedFixed and Non Fixed Pre-Conditional and Post-ConditionalPre-Conditional and Post-Conditional Loops as Blocks Loops as Blocks Loops Within Loops Loops Within Loops

11. Layout and Style Introduction. Introduction. Who is the Documentation For? Who is the Documentation For? ProgrammersProgrammers Internal Documentation Internal Documentation External Documentation External Documentation OperatorsOperators UsersUsers Program Style and Layout Program Style and Layout Use of Comments Use of Comments

12. Testing Introduction Test Specification Format of a Test Specification Identify the Program to be Tested Test Methods Test Data The Tests Test Log Choosing the Test Data Values Boundary Values Special Values Typical Values Abnormal Values

13. … Typical Test Specification Typical Test Specification Finding Errors Finding Errors Sources of Errors Sources of Errors Wrongly initialized VariablesWrongly initialized Variables Bad Block StructuringBad Block Structuring Confusion of Variable NamesConfusion of Variable Names Misplaced PunctuationMisplaced Punctuation Typical ErrorsTypical Errors Bad Condition ExpressionsBad Condition Expressions

14. Accessing Files Introduction Introduction File Formats File Formats Text and binary FilesText and binary Files Programs for File Access Programs for File Access Associating the Actual File Name.Associating the Actual File Name. Opening FilesOpening Files Transferring Data To and Form FilesTransferring Data To and Form Files Detecting End of a File Detecting End of a File Using Files as Means of Communication Using Files as Means of Communication

15. Further Programming Techniques Arrays Declaring Arrays Accessing Array Elements Structured Data Types Declaring a Structured Type Accessing Members and Fields of Structured Types Local Variables Passing Data To or From Modules Passing By Value Passing By Reference Typed Functions Library Functions

16. Appendix A Study the Worked Assignment. Study the Worked Assignment. Attempt the Assignment No 2 on the Basis of Worked Assignment Attempt the Assignment No 2 on the Basis of Worked Assignment

17. Appendix B: Reserved Words in C autodoubleintstruct breakelselongswitch caseenumregistertypedef charexternreturnunion constfloatshortunsigned continueforsignedvoid defaultgotosizeofvolatile doifstaticwhile C Reserved Words Please note that all C reserved words appear in lower-case!

18. ABSOLUTE DESTRUCTOR IMPLEMENTATION UNIT AND DIV IN UNTIL ARRAYDOWNTO INHERITED USES ASM ELSE INLINE VAR BEGIN END INTERFACE WHILE BREAK FILE LABEL WITH CASE FOR MOD XOR CONST FUNCTION NOT CONSTRUCTOR GOTO OBJECT CONTINUE IF TYPE Appendix B: Reserved Words in Pascal