1. Installing a SSL Server

2. Creating a key Before you can create a digital signature/certificate. You need first to create a private key. To do this process one can use any text file to pull random data from. Or use time of day/keyboard strokes to generate this random data.

3. Encrypting your private key This private key can be encrypted on the web server. However doing this means that you must type a password to start your web server.

4. Creating a certificate Request A certificate request is used to request a digital certificate from a Certificate Authority (CA)

5. A Typical Certificate Request. -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE REQUEST----- MIIB5jCCAU8CAQAwgaUxCzAJBgNDFSAYTAkNBMRAwDgYDVQQIEEKPbnRhcmlvMRAw DgYDVQQHEwdUb3JvdnRvMS4wLAYDVQQKEyVDcmFuayBOZXR3b3JrIGFuZCBJbnRl cm5ldCBDb25zdWx0aW5nMQfwDAYDVQQLEwVTYWxlczERMA8GA1UEAxMIY3Jhbmsu Y2ExHzAdBgkqhkiG9w0BCQEWEGJpZ2Vsb3dAY3JhbmsuY2EEEgZ8wDQYJKoZIhvcN AQEBBQADgY0AMIGJAoGBAOUuYQP6UvrZxuSrag4sAYeYS8T/Xf8rdQi7A4hqnb3X /jCp9PW5I9YGLO7W0nsLKJNOGsmihfOY2HjL4vL2IIB5hUzT237r9XD02sJJL21Zc KOfIuDEnRyb/aPFJY8YuxtR/vgzrt0PM1cD9ZtliomohtrW2xADSFvk/stcasQtY3 AgMBAAGgADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQQFAAOBgQCtBLTNcczIbueKlQWtSFkn9c4v5lsf PjFbqgDtaTfRHNUZrD9otoOvm2uXKLpoZu1OiuGpUZhCLZj6urpY0fn0ag7uDD6/ ExF34c33cVpBk4gHaLJDV43KR2GoLg9Gwk8mlD3igDFSDFEAWyG1xW+uuukqFZGrt6s 6LMN5r49Jqf8Aw== -----END CERTIFICATE REQUEST-----

6. The header contents of the Certificate Request Certificate Request: Data:Version: 0 (0x0) Subject: C=CA, ST=Ontario, L=Toronto, O=Used Pencils Dot Org, OU=Sharping Division, CN=usedpencils.org/Email=sharp@usedpencils.org Subject Public Key Info: Public Key Algorithm: rsaEncryption RSA Public Key: (1024 bit)

7. Modulus (1024 bit) 00:e5:2e:61:03:fa:52:fa:d9:c6:e4:ab:6a:0e:2c: 01:87:98:4b:c4:ff:5d:ff:2b:75:08:bb:03:88:6a: 9d:bd:d7:fe:30:a9:f4:f5:b9:23:d6:06:2c:ee:d6: d2:7f:cb:28:93:4e:1a:c9:a2:84:e6:36:1e:32:f8: bc:bd:88:20:1e:61:53:34:f6:df:ba:fd:5c:3d:36: b0:92:4b:db:56:5c:28:e7:c8:b8:31:27:47:26:ff: 68:f1:49:63:c6:2e:c6:d4:7f:be:0c:eb:b7:43:cc: d5:c0:fd:66:d9:62:a2:6a:21:b6:b5:b6:c4:0b:18: be:4f:ec:b5:c6:ac:42:d6:37 Exponent: 65537 (0x10001) Attributes: a0:00

8. Signature Algorithm Signature Algorithm: md5WithRSAEncryption ad:04:b4:cd:71:cc:c8:6e:e7:8a:95:05:ad:48:59:27:f5:ce: 2f:e6:5b:1f:3e:31:5b:aa:00:ed:69:37:d1:1c:d5:19:ac:3f: 68:b6:83:af:9b:6b:97:28:ba:68:66:ed:4e:8a:e1:a9:51:98: 42:2d:98:fa:ba:ba:58:d1:f9:f4:6a:0e:ee:0c:3e:bf:13:11: 77:e1:cd:f7:71:5a:41:93:88:07:68:b2:43:57:8d:ca:47:61: a8:2e:0f:46:c2:4f:26:94:3d:e2:82:49:55:01:6c:86:d7:15: be:ba:eb:a4:a8:56:46:ae:de:ac:e8:b3:0d:e6:be:3d:26:a7: fc:03

9. Submitting your Certificate Request Your Certificate request should then be submitted, to a Trusted Certificate Authority.

10. What makes a Certificate Authority “TRUSTED” Each browser has embedding in it a list of CAs that are considered to be reliable. The role of a CA is to act as a guarantor of your certificate. Because each CA must be “hard coded” to the browser. There is a wide range as to the quality of a certificate.

11. Some of the trusted CAs Versign Securenet E-Trust Certsign Microsoft Cybertrust Valicert Trustcenter

12. What does a CA to with a Certificate Request? The CA will take the CR and insure the following. 1) You pay them 2) The person listed in the DNS records as admin authorizes the certificate. 3) The certificate request you submit is a valid request.

13. Signing your own certificate It is possible for anyone including yourself to sign any certificate. However unless you are listed as a “trusted” CA in the web browser’s trusted list, a warning will be display on client’s browser.

14. A SSL Certificate -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- MIIFgzCCBGugAwI2deAgIKN6xaiwAAAAAHJDANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQUFADCBozELMAkGA1UEBhMCVVMxCz AJBgNVBAgTAlVUMRcwFQYDVQQHEw5TYWx0IExha2Uggdf0eTE131MBwGA1UEChMVVGhlIFVTRVJ UUlVTVCBOZXR3b3JrMSEwHwYDVQQLExhodHRwOi8vd3d3LnVzZXJ0cnVzdC5jb20xKzApBgNVBAMTI lVUTi1VU0VSRmlyc3QtTmV0d29yayBBcHBsaWNhdGlvbnMwHhcNMDExMTIwMDAzMzM2WhcNMDIx MTIwMDAzMzM2WjCB8jEfMB0GCSqGSIb3DQEJARYQYmlnZWxvd0BjcmFuay5jYTELMAkGA1UEBhMC Q0ExEDAOBgNVBAgTB09udGFyaW8xEDAOBgNVBAcTB1Rvcm9udG8xLjAsBgNVBAoTJUNyYW5rIE5l dHdvcmsgYW5kIEludGVybmV0IENvbnN1bHRpbmcxwrwerewAkBgNVBAsTHVNlZSB3d3cuZnJlZXNzb C5jb20vY3BzIChjKTAxMSMwIQYDVQQLExpPcmdhbml6YXRpb24gTm90IFZhbGlkYXRlZDEOMAwGA1 UECxMFU2FsZXMxETAPBgNVBAMTCGNyYW5rLmNhMIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQK BgQDlLmED+lL62cbkq2oOLAGHmEvE/13/K3UIuwOIapfsdfsd1/4wqfT1uSPWBizu1tJ/yyiTThrJooTmN h4y+Ly9iCAeYVM09t+6/Vw9NrCSS9tWXCjnyLgxJ0cm/2jxS332WPGLsbUf74M67dDzNXA/WbZYqJqIb a1tsQLGL5P7LXGrELWNwIDAQABo4IB6jCCAeYwHQYDVR0OBBYEFJCiDbk4pkIZEBYNm4wtPXjY0th8 MIHfBgNVHSMEgdcwgdSAFPqGydvguul49Uuo1hXf8NPhahQ8oYGppIGmMIGjMQswCQYDVQQGEwJV UzELMAkGA1UECBMCVVQxFzAVBgNVBAcTDlNhQgTGFrZSBDaXR5MR4wHAYDVQQKExVUaGUgVVNF UlRSVVNUIE5ldHdvcmsxITAfBgNVBAsTGGh0dHA6Ly93d3cu232XNlcnRydXN0LmNvbTErMCkGA1UEA xMiVVROLVVTRVJGaXJzdC1OZXR3b3JrIEFwcGxpY2F0aW9uc4IQRL4Mi1AAJLQR0zYwS8AzdzAMBgN VHRMBAf8EAjAAMAsGA1UdDwQEAwIBuDATBgNVHSUEDDAKBggrBgEFBQcDATBPBgNVHR8ESDBG MESgQqBAhj5odHRwOi8vY3JsLnVzZXJ0cnVzdC5jb20vVVROLVVT123RVJGaXJzdC1OZXR3b3JrQXBw bGljYXRpb25zLmNybDBiBggrBgEFBQcBAQRWMFQwUgYIKwYBBQUHMAKGRmh0dHA6Ly93d3cudXNl cnRydXN0LmNvbS9DQWNlcnRzL1VUTi1VU0VSRmlyc3QtTmV0d29ya0FwcGxpY2F0aW9ucy5jcnQwD QYJKoZIhvcNAQEFBQADggEBAEQg70ATPT1PMeVxEB6BCOODBzpXE9JSnHDra+Ce+LG+hOvyBdSF mnkcXVcle4MB9Zot81s/hlGosKWTmlrP/1ttcOnfW9FThfKRNRboETOBZQwrABs5LYO6KPktaj+L+lo7M HcYXH0LA7rm70sdOrLQBKlDPs+TviTLwVxSd2IysY9mjKSukypvd9LozZPPurtD4Qy6eGvLL9jdLsLRaR Zwaw/i+aqjVCXNhIbBFYoPHORl6UiP8aACdPcSC2+nhu9JhCENCN0aPZqDaZgOx0tt6L4ROXPedaJem KHPGTAMx+AVpNmHRp8IVoFotUC3iiXQb6+R2bKTCB8CtXpeXlw= -----END CERTIFICATE-----