1. Chapter 36 Transport in Plants http://www.y outube.com/ watch?v=hOb 8WWLxKJ0

2. Transport Overview 81- uptake and loss of water and solutes by individual cells (root cells) 82- short-distance transport from cell to cell (sugar loading from leaves to phloem) 83- long-distance transport of sap within xylem and phloem in whole plant

3. Whole Plant Transport 81- Roots absorb water and dissolved minerals from soil 82- Water and minerals are transported upward from roots to shoots as xylem sap 83- Transpiration, the loss of water from leaves, creates a force that pulls xylem sap upwards 84- Leaves exchange CO2 and O2 through stomata 85- Sugar is produced by photosynthesis in leaves 86- Sugar is transported as phloem sap to roots and other parts of plant 87- Roots exchange gases with air spaces of soil (supports cellular respiration in roots)

4. Cellular Transport 8Water transport √ Osmosis; hyper-; hypo-; iso- 8Cell wall creates physical pressure: √water potential solutes decrease; pressure increase 8Water moves from high to low water potential 8Flaccid (limp, iostonic); 8Plasmolysis (cell loses water in a hypertonic environment; plasma membrane pulls away); 8Turgor pressure (influx of water due to osmosis; hypotonic environment)

5. Transport within tissues/organs 8Tonoplast vacuole membrane 8Plasmodesmata (components) cytosolic connection 8Symplast route (lateral) cytoplasmic continuum 8Apoplast route (lateral) continuum of cell walls 8Bulk flow (long distance) movement of a fluid by pressure (xylem)

6. Transport of Xylem Sap 8Transpiration: loss of water vapor from leaves pulls water from roots (transpirational pull); cohesion and adhesion of water 8Root pressure: at night (low transpiration), roots cells continue to pump minerals into xylem; this generates pressure, pushing sap upwards; guttation

7. Cohesion of Water http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CT4pURpXkbY http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vIpnkqEDaUA&feature=re lated

8. Transpirational Control 8Photosynthesis-Transpiration compromise…. 8Guard cells control the size of the stomata 8Xerophytes (plants adapted to arid environments)~ thick cuticle; small spines for leaves

9. Translocation of Phloem Sap 8Translocation: food/phloem transport 8Sugar source: sugar production organ (mature leaves) 8Sugar sink: sugar storage organ (growing roots, tips, stems, fruit) 81- loading of sugar into sieve tube at source reduces water potential inside; this causes tube to take up water from surroundings by osmosis 82- this absorption of water generates pressure that forces sap to flow alon tube 83- pressure gradient in tube is reinforced by unloading of sugar and consequent loss of water from tube at the sink 84- xylem then recycles water from sink to source

10. Transpiration of Water Lab – the “Old Fashioned Way” 8http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Qd9jyKu Hw0http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Qd9jyKu Hw0

11. Transpiration Lab 9 8http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FEfmTok 3OCohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FEfmTok 3OCo