1. ENERGY AND HEATING OF THE ATMOSPHERE

2. Energy – the ability to do work

3. Potential vs. Kinetic Energy Kinetic Energy Energy of motion Stored energy, energy when at rest Potential Energy

4. Dynamic Equilibrium Equilibrium – Dynamic Equilibrium - Things balancing out Region loses and /or gains equal amounts of energy

5. How does heat energy travel? The energy that heats the Earth comes from the Sun and is called Incoming Solar Radiation The higher the sun angle, the _________ the temperatures insolation higher

6. Transfer of Energy Heat moves from ________ (hot) to ______ (cold) source sink

7. Transfer of Energy – how heat moves - electromagnetic energy that can travel through anything Convection – Conduction - Radiation Energy transfer by direct contact, solids, liquids, gases caused by differences in densities and temperatures; gases and liquids

9. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XKWCK L9WV3ghttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XKWCK L9WV3g http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VzE_IP edujc&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VzE_IP edujc&feature=related

10. What happens to Sun’s energy (radiation from Sun)? A.Reflected by Earth’s Surface B.Reflected by Clouds and Air

11. What happens to Sun’s energy? C. Absorbed by 1. Clouds 2. Earth GOOD ABSORBER = GOOD RADIATOR Materials that absorb quickly also re-radiate quickly

12. ABSORBER vs. REFLECTORS Best Absorbers – Best Reflectors – Rough, black, dull Smooth, shiny, white

13. Objects absorb shortwave radiation from the sun

14. And re-radiate the energy as longwave (infrared) radiation

15. The sun emits about 7% of UV radiation and 44% of visible that reaches the earth The earth and atmosphere absorb that energy then re-emit entirely as Infrared energy (heat)

16. GREENHOUSE EFFECT

17. Greenhouse Effect Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) gas and methane and other gases in the atmosphere absorb the longwave (infrared) radiation; HEAT is “trapped” Creates a warmer atmosphere

18. Why is it warmer on a cloudy night than on a clear night? Clouds absorb IR energy radiated by the Earth (trap the heat). On a clear night, the IR energy escapes back into space.

20. Specific Heat The amount of heat required to raise the _______________ by one degree Celsius ESRT Page _____ temperature 1

21. _______ has the highest specific heat so it takes the _______ to warm up and the longest to _____ down Water longest cool

22. Which material heats up the fastest and why? lead Because it has the lowest specific heat