1. Fluid, Electrolyte & Acid-Base Balance

2. Body Fluids Your body is 66% water
Not evenly distributed – separated into compartments
Able to move back and forth through the cell membranes to maintain an equilibrium

3. Water Balance
Exists when total water intake equals total water output

4. Fluid Compartments Intracellular fluid – fluid inside cells [ICF]
Extracellular fluid – fluid outside cells and all other body fluids
Interstitial fluid- Solution that surrounds cells of eukaryotes

6. Edema
Condition in which fluid accumulates in the interstitial compartment. Sometimes due to blockage of lymphatic vessels or by a lack of plasma proteins or sodium retention

7. Fluid Balance
Average daily intake is 2500 ml [ fluids, food and metabolic water]
Average daily output is 2500 ml [ urine, feces, perspiration, insensible perspiration]

8. Electrolytes Molecules that release ions in water.
Can affect amount of water, pH balance, and muscle function

9. Electrolyte Balance
Concentration of individual electrolytes in the body fluid compartments is normal and remains relatively constant.
Electrolytes are dissolved in body fluids

11. Electrolyte Balance
Because of sodium and potassium influence, water will move between compartments
Example: if high [sodium], then water will move from intracellular space to extracellular space due to osmotic pressure

12. Acid - Base Balance Blood - normal pH of 7.2 – 7.45
3 buffer systems to maintain normal blood pH
Copy Table 18.1 on page 500

13. Maintenance of Acid-Base Balance
Respiratory System: removal of CO2 by lungs – stabilizes the ECF, has direct effect on Carbonic Acid – Bicarbonate Buffer System
Urinary System: removal of H+ ions by kidneys