1. The Brain Emotion and Motivation Prof: T. Curwen

2. ~ Behind every crooked thought is a crooked molecule `anonymous

3. Overview Basics on the brain Areas of brain involved in emotion Neurochemicals/neuropeptides Neuroscience studies of emotion

4. Plasticity Brains ability to repair itself Children’s brains show most plasticity Plasticity depends on extent of affect –Damaged –Destroyed

5. How the Brain is Studied 1) Brain Lesioning Abnormal disruption Produced –Surgically removing –Destroying with laser –Injecting a drug

6. 2) Staining ~http://faculty.tamu-commerce.edu/fmiskevich/Research

7. EEG

8. Brain Imaging

9. http://adam.about.com/reports/000335.htm

10. PET and MRI scans

11. Structures of the Brain 3 major regions –Hindbrain – (next to the top of the spinal cord) –Midbrain – (above the hindbrain) –Forebrain - (uppermost region of the brain)

12. Hindbrain www.brainexplorer.org/brain_atlas

13. Midbrain www.brainexplorer.org/brain_atlas

14. Forebrain www.brainexplorer.org/brain_atlas

15. 3 Brain Regions

16. Limbic system Forebrain Memory and emotion Determines what information stays in the cortex 2 primary structures Amygdala Hippocampus object discrimination Storage of memories Emotions

17. Forebrain Multimedia Mgr. 2004

18. Amygdala

19. Hippocampus

20. Hypothalamus

21. Thalamus

22. Information movement To cortices

23. Hemispheres Cerebral cortex is divided into 2 hemispheres

24. Cerebral Cortex Most recently developed Highest mental functions occur here Connected to other parts of the brain Millions of connections to other parts of the brain

25. http://www.indiana.edu/~pietsch/callosum.html#corpus%20callosum Corpus callosum

26. Lobes Each hemisphere is divided into 4 lobes –Occipital lobe –Temporal lobe –Frontal lobe –Parietal lobe

27. Occipital lobe – visual stimuli www.brainexplorer.org/brain_atlas

28. Temporal lobe hearing, language processing, memory www.brainexplorer.org/brain_atlas

29. Frontal lobe voluntary muscles, intelligence, language, planning, judgement, ?personality Prefrontal cortex – executive control (thought) www.brainexplorer.org/brain_atlas

30. Parietal lobe – spatial, attention, motor control www.brainexplorer.org/brain_atlas

31. Brain Division

32. Brain Regions and Responsibilities

33. Emotion hemispheric damage detect lies Does it matter which hemisphere is damaged?

35. Why does Neuroscience matter? get theoretical insights from neuroscience understand emotional processes that are hard to study evolutionary approach

36. Davidson all behavior is approach and avoidance How study without neuroscience? Evidence –Hemisphere –Children –Other research

37. Depression in brain Melancholia Anhedonia Hemisphere dominance

38. Dalai Lama Meditation –Does it change the brain? –Davidson study

39. Summary

40. The Amygdala and Unconscious Emotional Processing

41. LeDoux –unconscious affective appraisal system –Support/Research –Amygdala What happens when you knock out the amygdala

42. Knock out Knock out amygdala in monkeys Inappropriate emotional responses Do not learn from mistakes

43. Amygdala vs. Hippocampus out the amygdala but not the hippocampus can’t track the emotional significance of stimuli Can’t compare stimulus –Hippocampus – memory Brain responds to faces

44. Direct route to action Limbic system Action Stimuli/input

45. Unconscious emotion LeDoux Classical conditioning amygdala tracks emotional meaning infantile amnesia

46. D’Amasio Somatic marker hypothesis Feedback Research –Frontal lobe damage –Gut feeling, intuition

47. Neuropeptides Oxytocin Dopamine Norepinephrine Serotonin

48. Oxytocin and LOVE Love vs. desire Oxytocin released when touched Women have 7x’s more oxytocin Oxytocin promotes monogomy Chocolate and oxytocin