1. The Central Nervous System
Upload 9.13 Central Nervous System Notes 1

2. Meninges
1. Definition: Protective membranes between bone and nervous system soft tissues

3. 2. Made of 3 layers a. Dura mater (tough mother) -outermost layer b
2. Made of 3 layers a. Dura mater (tough mother) -outermost layer b. Arachnoid mater (spider mother) -middle layer c. Pia mater (delicate mother) -inner layer

4. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
Read the definition. What structure of the nervous system is being described?
Definition: a clear watery liquid produced
in the ventricles of the brain.

6. Very Cool Demonstration
-Put a raw egg in a container that is just a litter larger then the egg.
-Cover and shake the container
What happens to the egg?

7. -Put a raw egg in a container full of water
-Put a raw egg in a container full of water. -Cover and shake the container. What happens to the egg? What did the water represent? What functions of CSF were shown in the egg demo? Protection and Buoyancy Not shown: Removal of waste, Endocrine medium for the brain.

8. Fun Fact
Fun Fact: How much would a 165 lb person weigh if they were floating in CSF? 6 pounds

9. Spinal cord
1. Anatomy: a. bundle of neurons, about 17" in length

10. b. made of 2 types of tissue 1) gray matter- made of nerve cell bodies, neuroglial cells and blood vessels 2) white matter- made of axons c. consists of 31 segments- each segment gives rise to a pair of spinal nerves

11. Draw the location of the nerve cell bodies and axons.

12. 2. Physiology a. conducts nerve impulses b
2. Physiology a. conducts nerve impulses b. serves as a center for spinal reflexes

13. Time for lab
Find the spinal cord

14. Structures of a vertebra

15. Structures of the CNS

19. THE BRAIN
Upload 9.15 Central Nervous System Notes 2

20. DEFINITION:
The part of the CNS located within the skull
composed of 100 billion neurons and even more glia cells
weighs 3 pounds

21. FUNCTION primary receiver, organizer and distributor of information for the body Can you put this in your own words?

22. Spinal cord

23. Brain stem:Responsible for basic life functions such as
Breathing
Heartbeat
Blood pressure
Scientists say that this is the "simplest" part of human brains because a reptile’s (who appear early on the evolutionary scale) entire brain resembles our brain stem.

24. 2 1
Spinal cord

25. Thalamus
-interprets all senses except smell
-synapses for voluntary movement
Hypothalamus
-controls the autonomic nervous system
-coordinates the nervous and endocrine systems

26. 3

27. Cerebrum (7/8 of human brain)
Associated with higher brain functions such as thought and action.

28. Divided into 4 lobes

29. How do we know what each part of the cerebrum does?
MRI
Surgery
Watch Amazing Medical Stories

30. The surface of the cerebrum is highly folded.
Ridges = gyri
Grooves = sulci
Deep grooves= fissures
What is the purpose of all these folds?

31. Folds increase surface area. Use the pictures to make an analogy.

32. Left hemisphere
Right hemisphere
Sometimes the right hemisphere is associated with creativity and the left hemispheres is associated with logic abilities.
The corpus callosum is a bundle of axons which connects these two hemispheres.

33. 4

34. Cerebellum (Little brain)
-associated with regulation and coordination of movement, posture, and balance
What happens when our movements are not fine tuned? Link

35. Brain Facts
Answer the rest of the questions on your sheet.

36. 1. By the time you were born you lost _____ of the neurons you had as a fetus. A. 10% B. 25% C. 50% 2. As a teenager you ( lose / gain ) neurons as your body streamlines itself for optimal function.

37. 3. Your brain is an energy hog
3. Your brain is an energy hog. It occupies 2% of your body but uses _____ of your energy when you are at rest. A. 10% C. 50% B. 20% D. 75% 4. The more you repeat something the more brain space is dedicated to it. For example, in musicians the part of the brain that controls fingers used to play an instrument is up to 130% larger than in a non-musician. True or False?

38. 5. Once you learn a task your brain shuffles it to a lower level of consciousness to save energy. If you move it into a conscious level you may make a mistake. True or False? 6. Stress can shrink your brain. True or False?

39. Brain Health (whole grains, dairy, fruit) 7. Caffeine 8. Glucose
Perform better than your peers by increasing short-term memory and attention
Eat 2 servings a week to gain omega 3 fatty acids for proper brain development and enhanced memory
Protect your brain from free-radicals and increase your ability to learn
Contain antioxidants that prevent cognitive decline
In small quantities can boost energy and help you focus
Get the blood flowing to the brain with these foods
Offers short-term boost to memory, thinking processes, and mental ability
7. Caffeine
8. Glucose
9. A healthy breakfast
(whole grains, dairy, fruit)
10. Fish
11. Nuts and chocolate
12. Avocados and whole grains
13. Blueberries

40. In addition to eating healthy…
Get a good nights sleep
Stay hydrated
Exercise
Reduce stress