2.  What are the most important energy sources in foods you eat?  Carbohydrates and lipids

3.  All cells use chemical energy carried by __________________.  Adenosine triphosphate

4.  How is energy released by ATP?  A phosphate group is removed releasing chemical energy in the form of heat

5.  Why is the bond from the third phosphate group removed from ATP?  The last phosphate group is unstable and easily broken

6.  ATP becomes _______  ADP, adenosine diphosphate

7.  Why is it not a simple process to add a phosphate group to ADP?  It requires a large group of proteins

8.  What three types of molecules can produce ATP when they are broken down?  Carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins

9.  What type of molecule is most commonly broken down to produce ATP?  carbohydrates

10.  When glucose is broken down, how many molecules may be produced?  36

11.  What type of molecule provides the most energy through ATP?  lipids

12.  80% of the energy in your body is stored in ______.  fats

13.  Triglycerides break down to _____ molecules.  146

14.  Proteins store about the same amount of energy as carbohydrates but are _____ ________ to be broken down.  Less likely

15.  Amino acids are needed to make ______ more than they are needed to make energy.  proteins

16.  Plants make their own food through a process called _____________.  photosynthesis

17.  Hydrothermal vents release compounds called ________ which serve as an energy source for nearby organisms.  sulfides

18.  Organisms that live near Challenger deep use a process called __________ to obtain energy. This process is different from photosynthesis in that it uses chemical energy instead of light to drive the reactions.  chemosynthesis

19.  Photosynthetic organisms are referred to as ____________.  producers

20.  This is the process that captures energy from sunlight to make sugars that store chemical energy.  Photosynthesis

21.  This is a molecule found in chloroplasts that absorb some of the energy in visible light.  Chlorophyll

22.  What are the two types of chlorophyll that plants typically have and what portion of the electromagnetic spectrum do they absorb?  Chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b red and blue

23.  What are the two primary parts of chloroplasts that are needed for photosynthesis?  Grana and stroma

24.  These are stacks of coin shaped, membrane enclosed compartments called thylakoids.  grana

25.  The membranes of the ________ contain chlorophyll, other light absorbing molecules, and proteins.  thylakoids

26.  This is the fluid that surrounds the grana inside a chloroplast.  stroma

27.  1. chlorophyll absorbs energy from the sun  2. The energy is transferred along the thylakoid  3. Water is broken down.  4. Oxygen is released  5. Energy carried along the thylakoid membrane is transferred to molecules that carry energy, such as ATP.

28.  1. CO 2 is added to build larger molecules.  2. A molecule of simple sugar is formed.

29.  6CO 2 + 6H 2 O  C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2