1. PRESENT TENSE GROUP – 6 Shreekant(Spoc) Abhiranjan Viresh Bhawna Amita Vikas

2. What is the Present Tense? ➲ The present tense is the grammatical tense whose principle function is to locate a situation or event in the present time. ➲ Example ➲ 1. I write this letter to please you. ➲ 2. Here comes the bus. ➲ 3. My train leaves tomorrow morning.

3. Where we use present tense? ➲ USE 1:-UNIVERSAL TRUTH. ➲ ➲ We use the Present Simple to talk about universal truths (for example, laws of nature) or things we believe are, or are not, true. ➲ Ex : 1. Sun rises in the east.(universal truth) 2. Earth revolves around the Sun.(universal truth) 3. Water boils at 100°C.(universal truth) 4. Honey is sweet.

4. USE 2:- HABITS AND ROUTINES We also use this tense to describe actions that happen frequently. For example: habits, routines, tendencies. Ex. 1. We leave for work every morning at 11:30 AM.(Routine) 2. They usually Play football on Sunday(Habit,Routine) 3.He drinks tea every morning. (Routine)

6. THERE ARE 4 VERSIONS OF PRESENT TENSE:- 1. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE. 2. PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSE. 3. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE. 4. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSE.

19. Complete the sentences using one of the following verbs (Speak, live, open, drink, close) (Speak, live, open, drink, close) 1. Ann____German very well. 2. The swimming pool_____at 9 o’clock and ______at 6 p.m. ______at 6 p.m. 3. My parents _____in a very small flat. 4. we_____coffee in the evening.

20. Present Continuous Tense Subject + to be + Verb + ing I am standing.

21. Examples: ● I am going. ● She is talking. ● You are studying English grammar.

22. Examples: ● I am not going. ● She is not talking. ● You are not studying English grammar.

23. Examples: ● Am I going? ● Is she talking? ● Are you studying English grammar?

24. Uses USE 1 Now USE 2 Longer Actions in Progress Now USE 3 Near Future USE 4 Repetition and Irritation with "Always"

25. For something that is happening at the moment of speaking: ● I am just leaving work. I will be home in an hour. ● Please be quiet. The children are sleeping. ● They are dancing right now.

26. For something which is happening before and after a given time ● At eight o’clock we are usually having breakfast. ● When I get home the children are doing their homework.

27. For something which we think is temporary: ● Michael is at university. He’s studying history. ● I’m working in London for the next two weeks. ● They normally play tennis. But this week they are skating.

28. Present vs. Progressive Tense A significant difference between these two tenses is we use the simple present tense for things that are permanent or are in general and the present progressive tense for things that may change or are temporary. Compare:

29. For something which is new and contrasts with a previous state: ● These days most people are using email instead of writing letters. ● What sort of clothes are teenagers wearing nowadays? What sort of music are they listening to?

30. To show that something is changing, growing or developing: ● The children are growing quickly. ● The climate is changing rapidly. ● Your English is improving. ● Yesterday it was very sunny. Today it's raining more and more.

31. For something which happens again and again: ● It’s always raining in London. ● They are always arguing. ● George is great. He’s always laughing. ● Note: We normally use always with this use.

32. For something which has been arranged or planned: ● Mary is going to a new school next term. ● What are you doing next week? ● They are getting married next week. ● They are celebrating a party next weekend.

33. Spelling Rules for –ing verbs (present participles) get run plan come replace introduce die tie Rule 1: One-syllable verb with a consonant + vowel + consonant as final three letters, double the final consonant + ing. Rule 2: Verb has a final silent e, -e + ing Rule 3: Verb ends in ie, change ie to y + ing

34. Spelling Rules for –ing verbs (present participles) begin listen admitoffer Rule #4: Two syllable verb with final consonant + vowel + consonant and the last syllable is stressed, double final consonant + ing When in doubt, consult a dictionary!!

35. Last Spelling Tip sew fix enjoy Never double w, x, y!

36. Make –ing forms of each verb given. begin rub listen lie swim study happen get use admit try decide come put beginning rubbing listening lying swiming studying happening getting using admitting trying deciding coming putting

37. Present Perfect Tense

38. We use the present perfect tense to talk about things that happened at some time in the past and have a connection to the present. The Present Perfect Tense is formed by 2 things: Auxiliary verb Has/Have (in all forms: Affirmative, Negative and Interrogative) PAST PARTICIPLE EX: She has worked in that office for six years. auxiliary past participle

39. Positive statements are formed like this. Subjecthave/hasPast participle I You We They havefinished. He/She/It has eaten.

40. Negative statements are formed like this. I have not/haven’t finished. You have not/haven’t finished. She has not/hasn’t finished.

41. Questions are formed like this. I have finished. You have finished. She has finished. Have I finished? Have you finished? Has she finished?

42. We often use the following words with the present perfect tense. already ever forjust sinceyet Which word is followed by a certain time in the past? since We have been to the airport five times since July.

43. We often use the following words with the present perfect tense. already ever forjust sinceyet Which word is followed by a length of time? for I have been a member of the Drama Club for three years.

44. We often use the following words with the present perfect tense. already ever forjust sinceyet Which word is often used with negative statements and questions when the action has happened already or we expect it to happen soon? yet Has your brother taken his driving test yet? Yet usually goes at the end of the question or negative statement.

45. We often use the following words with the present perfect tense. already ever forjust sinceyet Which other word is often used with the present perfect tense in questions? ever Have you ever travelled on a motorbike?

46. We often use the following words with the present perfect tense. already ever forjust sinceyet Which word shows that an action was completed a short time ago? just They have just finished the project. We put just between have/has and the main verb.

47. We often use the following words with the present perfect tense. already ever forjust sinceyet Which word is used in positive statements to stress that something has happened? already Raju has already left Hyderabad We put already between have/has and the main verb, or at the end of the sentence.

48. 1.We / eat / too much chocolate 2.He / live / here for three years 3.You / not / study / French for ten years 4.She / not / clean / the kitchen 5.you/have/visited London? 6.she/has/ met John? 7.Have you been to the United States? 8.The guests have arrived. 9.Don't forget to bring your book! Oh, I have brought it. 10.Have you done your homework? No, I haven't done it Practice

49. Present Perfect Continuous (I have been doing)

50. Present perfect continuous The present continuous describes what a person is doing. The present perfect continuous tells how long a person has been doing that action. The present perfect continuous talks about an action that started in the past and continues in the present. The action is not yet complete. It tells how long the action has been in progress.

51. Present perfect continuous I You We They have beenworking since 8:00. for two hours. He She It has

52. Since & For You can use the present perfect continuous for actions that are repeated over a period of time: Debbie is a very good tennis player. She’s been playing since she was ei ght. Every morning they meet in the same cafe They’ve been going there for years.

53. For and since For shows an amount of time. for three hours for ten days Since tells when an action started since 2:00 since he came to the United States

54. I am doing vs. I have been doing Compare I am doing and I have been doing: ∣ I am doing present continuous ↓ now ∣ I have been doing present perfect continuous ↓ now Don’t bother me now. I’m working. I’ve been working hard, so now I’m going to take a break. We need an umbrella. It’s raining. The ground is wet. It’s been raining. Hurry up! We’re waiting. We’ve been waiting for an hour.

55. How long have you (been)…? I have known/had/lived, etc., is the present perfect simple. I have been learning/been waiting/been doing, etc., is the present perfect continuous. Ex. I’m learning English. But I’ve been learning English for six months. (not I am learning)

56. In most situations with how long, since, and for, the continuous is more usual: I’ve been studying English for six months. (more usual than I’ve studied) It’s been raining since lunchtime. Richard has been doing the same job for 20 years. “How long have you been driving?” “Since I was 17.”

57. Thank You