1. Stramenopiles

2. Synurophyceans (Silica-Scaled Algae) Photosynthetic Stramenopiles (Ochrophytes) Chrysophyceans (Golden Brown) Tribophyceans (Yellow-Green) Bacillariophyceans (Diatoms) Phaeophyceans (Brown Algae, Kelp, Rockweeds)

3. Phaeophyceaen Diversity I EctocarpusScytosiphon Gametophyte (n) Sporophyte (2n)

4. Macrocystis Nereocystis Phaeophyceaen Diversity II SargassumLaminaria Sporophyte (2n) Gametophyte (n) (Kelp)

5. Phaeophyceaen Diversity III Fucus (Rockweed)

6. Phaeophyceaen Diversity III Streblonema

7. Kelp Ecology 10

8. Kelp Ecology Productivity: Up to 1 kg C / m 2 / y (Graham et al. 2008)

9. Point Lobos State Preserve, CA (just south of Monterrey CA) KELP, ROCKWEED VIEWING SITES

10. KELP VIEWING SITES

11. Kelp Organ Differentiation (Holdfast, Stipe, Blade)

12. Kelp Organ Differentiation (Pneumatocysts= Bladders) Macrocystis Sargassum Nereocystis

13. 7 Kelp Organ Differentiation

14. Kelp Vegetative Characteristics: Parenchyma

15. Fig. 14.19 in Graham et al. 2008 Kelp Growth and Development Patterns: Diffuse (Non-Localized) Growth

16. Figs. 14.17 in Graham et al. 2008 Kelp Growth and Development Patterns: Apical Meristems

17. Kelp Growth and Development Patterns: Intercalary Growth (Intercalary Meristem)

18. Kelp Growth and Development Patterns: Lateral Growth (Meristoderm)

19. Brown Algae Anatomy Revisited: Epidermis, Cortex and Medulla Figs. 17.15 in Lee 1999

20. Brown Algae Conducting Cells: (Trumpet Hyphae) Figs. 14.45, 14.46 in Graham et al. 2008

21. Brown Algae Vegetative Characteristics: Plasmodesma

22. 21 Brown Algae Herbivore Defenses: Tannins and Terpenes (Physodes)

23. 1 2 Cell Wall

24. Cell Wall Components I: Alginates (and their salts) 4 Na + K+K+ Ca 2+ Mg 2+

25. 3 Cell Wall Components II

26. Cell Wall Components III: Fucans (Sulfated Polysaccharides)

27. 11 12 13 Alginate Commercial Use

28. Fig. 12.5 in Graham et al. 2008 Brown Algae Plastids (PER)

29. 27 Brown Algae Pigments I

30. 6 Beta-Carotene Fucoxanthin Brown Algae Pigments II

31. Brown Algae Storage Product: Laminarin :

32. 8 Brown Algae Pyrenoid

33. Putative Brown Algae Chloroplast Origin 34

34. Brown Algae Cell Division

35. Brown Algae Semi-Closed Mitosis

36. Brown Algae Cytokinesi s

37. Fig. 14.23 in Graham et al. 2008 Isomorphic Alternation of Generations (Ectocarpus) Sporophyte (2n) Gametophyte (n) Spore (n) Gametes (n) Zygote (2n)

38. 11 12 Sporophyte Gametophyte Pleurilocular Gametangium Unilocular Sporangium Ectocarpus

39. Female Gametangium Male Gametangium Pheremone (= Sex Hormone) (e.g., Ectocarpene)

40. Ectocarpus: Asexual Reproduction

41. Sporophyte (2n) Gametophyte (n) Ectocarpus Summary

42. 13 Heteromorphic Alternation of Generations (Laminaria) 14 Sporophyte (2n) Gametophyte (n) Gametes (n) Zygote (2n)

43. Unilocular Sporangium Gametangia Sporophyte (2n)Gametophyte (n) Heteromorphic Alternation of Generations (Laminaria)

44. 15 Fucus (Air Bladders, Receptacles)

45. Diplontic (2n) Life Cycle: Fucus Gametes (n) Zygote (2n)

46. 16 17 Conceptacles, Ostiole, Female Gametangia, Male Gametangia Male GametangiaFemale Gametangia Gametes (n) Fucus

47. Sporophyte (2n) Gametophyte (n) X

48. 18 Stramenopiles: Phaeophyceae 19

49. 1 http://www.seaweed.ie/uses_ireland/images/irish_128.jpg 2 http://www.divesitedirectory.co.uk/images/desktop_backgrounds/1024_768/ dive_site_directory_kelp_forest.jpg 3 http://silicasecchidisk.conncoll.edu/Pics/Other%20Algae/Other_jpegs/ Synura_Key306.jpg 4 http://users.utu.fi/hlehto/photo/micro/tanska/mikro_394_9484_ochromonas.jpg 5 http://silicasecchidisk.conncoll.edu/Pics/Other%20Algae/Other_jpegs/ Tribonema_Key245.jpg 6 http://www.urbanrivers.org/drawingdiatoms/diatom2.jpg 7 http://www.onr.navy.mil/Focus/ocean/images/habitats/kelpai.jpg

50. 8 http://sbc.lternet.edu/sites/images/Macrocystisdistr485.jpg 9 http://www.birdsasart.com/Sea-Otter-meeting-in-kelp-_J7X0094- Konuji-Island,-Kodiak-AK.jpg 10 http://www.ics.uci.edu/~eppstein/pix/sv/mba/KelpForest-m.jpg 11 http://www.tiranti.co.uk/data/Photos/AlginateKit.jpg 12 http://img.products.howstuffworks.com/cctool/PrdImg/images/ pr/177X150/00/02/1f/ef/8b/35647371.JPG 13 http://www.foodprocessing-technology.com/contractor_images/fmc/ 1_cezanne.jpg 14 http://www.ne.jp/asahi/marine/algae/Ectocarpus3.jpg 15 http://www.bio.utexas.edu/research/utex/photogallery/Images/ 2008-Ectocarpus-siliculosus.jpg

51. 16 http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/cellulose.gif 17 http://www.kjemi.uio.no/Polymerkjemi/Research/alginate.jpg 18 http://blog.khymos.org/wp-content/2006/09/calcium-alginate.jpg 19 http://www.rpi.edu/dept/bcbp/molbiochem/MBWeb/mb1/part2/images/ heparin.gif 20 http://www.apsnet.org/education/IllustratedGlossary/PhotosN-R/ plasmodesma.jpg 21 http://www.quickonthenet.com/2006/9379/pix/gallery/tannin850.jpg 22 http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/fo44/ectoca60.jpg