1. Laboratory of Millimetre-wave Spectroscopy of Bologna LABORATORY MEASUREMENTS in SUPPORT of ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS: ROTATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY up to the THz REGION Gabriele Cazzoli & Cristina Puzzarini Dip. Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician” Università di Bologna 69th Meeting - June 16-20, 2014 Champaign-Urbana, Illinois

2. 69th Meeting - June 16-20, 2014 Champaign-Urbana, Illinois Example: isotopic species of H 2 S

3. Laboratory of Millimetre-wave Spectroscopy of Bologna Measurements: Lamb-dip technique using free-space cell G. Cazzoli & L. Dore, J. Mol. Spectrosc. 143, 231 (1990)

4. Laboratory of Millimetre-wave Spectroscopy of Bologna H 2 S: J = 8 6,3 – 8 5,4 > 4 MHz Lamb-dip in the THz

5. Laboratory of Millimetre-wave Spectroscopy of Bologna H 2 S: J = 8 6,3 – 8 5,4 > 4 MHz Lamb-dip in the THz

6. Laboratory of Millimetre-wave Spectroscopy of Bologna H 2 S: J = 8 6,3 – 8 5,4 ~100 kHz Cazzoli & Puzzarini, J. Phys. Chem. A 117, 13759 (2013) NO averaging

7. JPCA 117, 13759 (2013)

8. Laboratory of Millimetre-wave Spectroscopy of Bologna in natural abundance (0.76%) !!

9. Laboratory of Millimetre-wave Spectroscopy of Bologna in natural abundance (0.76%) !!

10. Laboratory of Millimetre-wave Spectroscopy of Bologna in natural abundance (0.76%) !!

11. This work Saleck et al. Ab initio JMS 171, 481 (1995) First ACCURATE determination of SR for 33 S in H 2 S

12. In natural abundance (0.76%)! F = 3/2 – 3/2 F = 5/2 – 3/2 F = 7/2 – 5/2 F = 5/2 – 5/2 F = 3/2 – 1/2

13. H 2 33 S: J = 2 2,1 – 1 1,0 F = 7/2 – 5/2 F = 5/2 – 3/2 In natural abundance (0.76%)!

14. H 2 33 S: J = 2 2,1 – 1 1,0 in natural abundance: 0.76% !!! (about 1 h averaging time)

16. (about 1/2 h averaging time) In natural abundance (0.76%)

17. New THz meas: (obs-calc)/error ratio This work  Azzam et al JQSRT 130, 341 (2013) New THz meas: (obs-calc)/error ratio This work  Azzam et al JQSRT 130, 341 (2013) H2SH2SH2SH2S

18. New THz meas: (obs-calc)/error ratio This work Azzam et al JQSRT 130, 341 (2013)  Azzam et al re-fitted New THz meas: (obs-calc)/error ratio This work Azzam et al JQSRT 130, 341 (2013)  Azzam et al re-fitted H 2 33 S

20. 69th Meeting - June 16-20, 2014 Champaign-Urbana, Illinois Example: spectrum of H 2 36 S

21. JQSRT 130, 341 (2013)

22. H 2 36 S: Detection in natural abundance (0.02%)

23. NO averaging

27. 69th Meeting - June 16-20, 2014 Champaign-Urbana, Illinois Example: isotopic species of SO

29. SO

30. S 18 O

31. S 17 O

32. SO: Zeeman Effect J,N = 9,10 – 8,9

33. Laboratory of Millimetre-wave Spectroscopy of Bologna THANK YOU For YOUR ATTENTION THANKS $$$$$$: MIUR & University of Bologna