1. Purdue OWL Notes with Commentary and examples by Ms. Lu Concluding Papers: How to end without sounding like Porky Pig…

2. What does a Conclusion do? Conclusions wrap up what you have been discussing in your paper. After moving from general to specific information in the introduction and body paragraphs, your conclusion should begin pulling back into more general information that restates the main points of your argument. Conclusions may also call for action or overview future possible research. The following outline may help you conclude your paper.

3. “Restate” does not mean “Repeat” In a general way, Restate your topic and why it is important, but do not repeat yourself! Restate your thesis/claim, but do not repeat yourself! Review opposing viewpoints and explain why readers should align with your position, but do not repeat yourself! Cite an additional piece of evidence for support but do not repeat yourself! Call for action or overview future research possibilities.

4. Example: Profession prompt… America is nicknamed “The Land of Opportunity” and some people from other parts of the world are still pursuing different careers or jobs as their “American Dream.” However, none of the great opportunities for Americans and foreigners alike would be available if not for teachers. Whether a person is applying for citizenship, learning a language, or completing an advanced degree such as a masters or doctorate, teachers shape our paths in this world. Neil Patrick Harris acknowledged that influence in his acceptance speech for his 2015 TONY award saying, “And finally, thank you to the people who inspire us creatively, like teachers. …teachers in a small town in New Mexico that when sports was the only option showed that creativity had a place in the world, and without them I would never be able to do any of this, so thank you!” As individuals in each classroom go forward themselves to become valuable members of society, most will be able claim the influence of a teacher as a tenant of their success. By molding young minds into innovative thinkers, speakers, and action takers, teachers have the greatest influence, and therefore the most valued profession in society today.

5. Additional Notes and Pointers Remember that once you accomplish these tasks, unless otherwise directed by your instructor, you are finished. Done. Complete. Don't try to bring in new points or end with a whiz bang(!) conclusion or try to solve world hunger in the final sentence of your conclusion. Simplicity is best for a clear, convincing message.

6. Preacher's Maxim for your whole paper The preacher's maxim is one of the most effective formulas to follow for argument papers: Introduction: Tell what you're going to tell them, but don’t tell them you’re going to tell them… Body: Tell them, but don’t repeat yourself… Conclusion: Tell them what you told them, but don’t repeat yourself!

7. Last Names, Page Numbers, and MLA Format. Headers and Headings

8. Margins Click “Page Layout” Tab Click Margins Click “Normal” This setting should make L, R, Top and Bottom margins all 1inch. I will measure your margins!

9. Header Click the Insert Tab Click “Page Number” Choose “Top of Page” and “Plain Number 3” When the cursor appears, type your last name and hit spacebar.

10. Header Once you’ve typed you last name and hit spacebar, close the header:

11. Heading Your heading and Title take up the first 5 double spaced lines of your paper. Your Heading should be in the top left corner of the body of your paper.

12. Heading and Header should look like the excerpt below: Header Heading Title 1 st line of Paragraph Indented Double Spaced Times New Roman 12 point size font