1. Occupational Safety & Fundamentals
Hand Tools
Occupational Safety & Fundamentals

2. Suplemental Art

3. Introduction to Hand Tools
Module

4. Safety Always wear PPE Make sure all tools are in good condition
Never use damaged/worn tools
Never strike two hammers against each other
Best made from alloy, dropped-forged steel

6. Hammers – claw / ball peen
Claw hammer
Steel head
Wooden, steel, fiberglass handle
Used to drive nails, wedges, dowels
Pull nails from wood
Bell faced vs. flat face

7. Claw hammer – drive a nail
Hold nail 90 degrees
Grip handle at end
Rest face on nail
Few light taps
Move fingers – hit nail firmly on center of hammer face
Hold hammer level with nail head

8. Figure 2 - Proper use of a claw hammer

9. Claw hammer – pull a nail
Claw under nail
Pull nail straight up from wood

10. Ball peen hammer Flat face – striking Round face – align brackets
Strengthen welds
Weight = 6 ounces – 2 ½ lbs.
Use same as claw hammer
Round face = peening rivets
Classified by their weight

11. Weight forward hammer
Heavier – 21 ounces
Fewer strikes
Less fatigue

12. Weight-Forward Hammers

13. Maintenance No splinters in handle Head secured to handle
Replace cracked /broken handles
Keep face clean
Hold hammer properly
Strike only on face of hammer

14. Mallets Similar to hammer Short wooden handle Head = softer metal
Plastic, wood, rubber
Used to reduce damage to item being struck

15. Sledgehammers Composition – high carbon steel Weight – 2-20 lbs.
Double faced
Crosspeen
Never use your hand or anyone else's to hold an object before you hit it with a sledgehammer

16. sledgehammers Uses Drive posts or large stakes
Break concrete and cast iron
How Its Made Video

17. Figure 6 - Types of sledgehammers
Transparency 4
Figure 6 - Types of sledgehammers

18. Screwdrivers Tighten or remove screws Made of tempered steel
Identified by type of screw it fits
How Its Made Video

19. Figure 3 - Six common types of screw heads
Transparency 3
Figure 3 - Six common types of screw heads

20. Figure 4 - Slotted and Phillips head screwdrivers

21. Never use a screwdriver as a chisel
Figure 5 - Proper use of screwdriver
Never use a screwdriver as a chisel

22. Screwdrivers Clean tool Avoid damaged/worn/bent handle
Dirt & grease
Avoid damaged/worn/bent handle
Blade tip should be smooth/straight
Never point blade tip towards anyone

23. Ripping Bars Also called Heavy duty dismantling Octagonal
Pry bar, pinch, wrecking bar
Heavy duty dismantling
Wood, concrete
Octagonal
Two specialized ends

24. Ripping bar

25. Nail pullers
Cats paw
Chisel bar
Flat bar

26. Accidents
Bar slips and you fall
Materials working on break

27. Pliers Made from hardened steel Jaws w/teeth to grip
Do not use on nuts or bolts
6 common types

28. Slip joint pliers Adjustable jaws 2 jaw settings
Serrated teeth that grip flat, square, round, or hexagonal objects.

29. Long nose pliers Also called needle nose Used in tight places
Wire cutter near pivot

30. Lineman pliers Also called side cutters
Used to cut large heavy gauge wire
Wedged jaw reduce slippage
Strong holding strength

31. Tongue and grove pliers
Also called channellocks®
Grip
Flat, square, round, hexagonal objects
Jaws adjust to 5 positions
Used to hold pipe

32. Vise-grip® pliers Clamp like a vise
Knob in handle controls width/tension
Release with lever

33. Rulers Flat steel Measuring tape Wooden folding rule
Digital measuring device

34. Flat steel rule Simplest/most common 6-12 inches
Thinner is more accurate

35. Measuring tape

36. Measuring tape
Curved cross section
Role up
Stay rigid
Hook
Lock

37. Wooden folding rule Usually 16th 6’ & 8’
Best for measuring vertical distance

38. Levels Horizontal - level Vertical - plumb Spirit level Electronic
Most common
Electronic
Laser

39. Spirit level Tough light weight metal Viles filled with alcohol
Magnesium
Aluminum
Viles filled with alcohol
Longer the level – more accurate

40. Spirit level

41. Digital & Laser levels

42. Squares
Used for marking, checking, and measuring

43. Carpenter square Or framing square Squaring up sections of work
24” blade
16” tongue

44. Rafter angle square Also called speed square Combination protractor
Try square
Framing square

45. Combination square 12” blade 90 and 45 angles Uses Checking square
Marking 90 and 45 angles
Checking level and plumb surfaces
Measuring

46. Plumb Bob
Pointed weight attached to a string
Hangs vertical or plumb

47. Chalk line
String coated with chalk
Some can be used as plumb bob

48. Bench Vise Gripping and holding Portable or fixed
Do not use pipe over handle to tighten

49. Clamps Used for holding Sized by maximum opening of jaw Examples
C-clamps
metal work
Locking c-clamp
Spring clamp
Bar clamp
Pipe clamp
Hand screw clamp
Web clamp

50. Don’t over tighten clamps.

51. Discard clamps with bent frames
Discard clamps with bent frames. Don’t use pipe section to tighten clamps.

52. Saws Main difference Fewer the teeth = courser and faster
Shape, number, pitch of teeth
Fewer the teeth = courser and faster

53. Backsaw
Used for cutting joints
Miter and tenons

54. Compass saw Cuts curves in wood Can fit into tight places
Plywood, drywall
Can fit into tight places

55. Coping saw
Flexible blade
Moldings

56. Dovetail saw
Cutting fine joints
dovetails

57. Hacksaw
Cut through
Metals, screws, pipe, nails, bolts

58. Handsaw Crosscut Ripsaw against grain With grain
Never cut lumber between sawhorses.

59. Files and rasps Cut, smooth, shape metal parts or wood
Files = slanting rows of teeth
Rasps = individual teeth
Made from high grade steel.

60. Chisels Chisel Sloped edge Cold chisel Cut and shape wood
Used to cut metal

61. Punches
Indent metal
With hammer
Made from hardened/tempered steel

62. Wrenches Used to hold/turn screws, nuts, bolts, pipes
Nonadjustable & adjustable

63. Wrenches - nonadjustable
Open ended

64. Box end

65. Allen

66. Combination

67. Adjustable wrenches Fixed and movable jaw Always choose correct size
First set jaws to fit nut, bolt, pipe
Could slip = injury or lose balance
Pull wrench towards you

68. Pipe wrench
Also called monkey wrenches

69. Spud wrench
Plumbing. Drain traps, toilet connections. Narrow jaws

70. Crescent wrench

71. Sockets & Ratchets
Fittings are square. Ratchet handle.

72. Wedges Hard rubber, plastic, wood, steel Lift/separate objects
Tapered to thin edge
Lift/separate objects

73. Utility knives Variety of cutting purposes
Roofing felt
shingles
Vinyl/linoleum flooring
drywall
Replaceable razor like blade
1, 2, 3 positions
Ours have 6 positions

74. Utility knives
Never use on electrical wiring

75. Utility knives

76. Chain falls Chain block Chain hoist Manual & electric
Lifts heavy loads

77. Come-alongs Cabin pullers Uses chain or rope
Do not use for lifting heavy loads

78. Wire brushes One of the most common hand tools
All construction areas us them
Clean rusty tools, remove paint
Do not use on finish work

79. Shovels Also used by many trades 3 basic shapes
Round, square, spade
Wooden or fiberglass handle
2 basic sizes
Long & short handle

80. THE END