1. Cathy Bazan-Arias Chapter 14
From the Ground Up
Cathy Bazan-Arias
Chapter 14

2. Key Ideas Cathy Bazan-Arias is a geotechnical and structural engineer
Her job is to analyze the ground conditions of a structure
She knows the effects of materials, geometry load on a structure and the texture of the soil.
She explains the process of choosing the best materials for the foundation and above-ground structure for electrical transmission tower
She also explains why soil analysis plays an important role in choosing materials and structural design.

3. Key Words Strain Elastic limit Elastic deformation Plastic deformation
Failure point

4. Strain
Is a measure of how much a material deforms due to stress as compared to its original size.

5. Elastic limit
The point at which a material will no longer return to its original shape due to stress.

6. Elastic deformation
At stress below the elastic limits, a material experiences elastic deformation. It returns to its original shape when the stress is removed

7. Plastic Deformation
At stresses above the elastic limit, a material experiences plasitic deformation - when the change is permanent.

8. Failure point
As stress increases, a failure point is eventually reached when the structure breaks or fractures.

9. Stress-Strain Curve

10. Who is Cathy Bazan-Arias?
Construction manager and geotechnical engineer
Construction worker and geotechnical engineer
Construction engineer and geotechnical engineer
Structural engineer and geotechnical engineer

11. What does geotechnical engineer mainly focus on?
The underground parts and condition of a structure
Geographical condition
The materials of a structure
Working conditions for workers

12. Which of the following describes the elastic limit?
A measure of how much a material deforms due to stress as compared to its original size?
The point at which a material will no longer return to its original shape
The point at which a material or a structure breaks
The top-down view of a structure

13. What information can engineers get by looking at stress-strain curves?
Stress-strain curves show how a material behaves under increasing stress.
These graphs allow engineers to predict the loads a given material can withstand safely, and what will happen to the material if maximum safe loads are exceeded.

14. Why doe Dr. Bazan-Arias believe that having both geotechnical and structural engineering degree is helpful?
Geotechnical engineers specialize in designing how structures or underground parts of structures interact with the land they are standing on. For this reason, it is also important to understand the structures themselves and how they behave under different conditions.

15. What are the major factors that engineers consider when selecting materials for a job?
The unique climate and terrain such as
The ability of a material to withstand compression, tension, torsion, and shearing
The resistance to corrosion
Cost and length of time the structure is expected to last