1. Distillation
Starter :
The year is 2025,
climate change has lead to the UK running dangerously low on fresh, drinkable water.
But …. We do have the seawater surrounding the country.
You are a Government Scientist.
Explain how you can save the population by turning seawater into fresh water.

2. Distillation Learning Objectives:
Keywords
Distillation
Liebig Condenser
Evaporation
Condensation
Learning Objectives:
To understand that distillation can be used to separate a liquid from the solids which are dissolved in it.
To explain how distillation occurs.
To explain how a Liebig Condenser works.

3. boiling condensing collecting
7H Separation techniques – Distillation
How can you separate the solvent from the solids dissolved in a solution?
The best method to separate and collect the solvent from a solution is distillation.
Distillation involves three stages:
boiling
condensing
collecting
TEACHER’S NOTES
- discuss other methods so far
- filtration, evaporation, chromatography

4. 7H Separation techniques – Distillation
Where in the distillation equipment do boiling, condensing and collecting take place?
thermometer
Liebig condenser
boiling
gas cools and condenses
flask with mixture
water in
liquid boils off
water out
heat
one of liquids in mixture
gas turned back to a liquid
heat mat

5. 1. Hot gas passes down the inner tube.
7H Separation techniques – Distillation
The most important piece of kit for distillation is the Liebig condenser.
water in
water out
2. Cold water in the outer tube cools the hot gas, which condenses to become a liquid.
1. Hot gas passes down the inner tube.
3. The liquid is collected at the bottom.
Cold water enters the outer tube at the bottom
and warm water leaves the outer tube at the top.
Why does this happen?

6. Practical Activity Safety First: Wear safety goggles Stand up
Tuck your chair & bags under your desk
Tie back long hair

7. Add some inky water to the conical flask and secure the delivery tube.
Distillation experiment – Can we get fresh water from inky water ?
Set up the apparatus as shown, holding your conical flask in place using a clamp.
Add some inky water to the conical flask and secure the delivery tube.
Gently heat the flask. Water will evaporate and move into the delivery tube where it will condense and drip into your test tube.
Be careful not to let the inky water boil.

8. We are lucky. The UK has not run out of water.
Desalination plants are used in countries like Dubai to supply its population.

9. Distillation Learning Objectives:
Keywords
Distillation
Liebig Condenser
Evaporation
Condensation
Learning Objectives:
To understand that distillation can be used to separate a liquid from the solids which are dissolved in it.
To explain how distillation occurs.
To explain how a Liebig Condenser works.