1. GROUNDWATER

3. Water table Zone of aeration- pore spaces filled with air Zone of saturation- pore spaces filled with water Dividing line is called the water table Zone of aeration Zone of saturation Water table

4. Groundwater affects surface water

5. Permeability how easily water flow through

6. AQUIFERS Ogallala AquiferSaturated layer (below water table) Need high permeability

8. WELLS Hole or pipe that is under the water table

9. PUMPING WELLS Creates cone of depression Lowers water table Draw diagram below:

10. Formation of a cone of depression in the water table

11. Artesian wells Flow to the surface naturally w/o pumps Under pressure “sandwiched” between two impermeable layers

13. GROUNDWATER POLLUTION SOURCES –Septic tanks –Landfills –Fertilizers/pesticides –Underground storage tanks (gas stations)

14. Septic tanks

15. landfills

16. HARD WATER Calcium, magnesium creates “hard water’ Will not suds up Creates white film in hot water pipes

17. Hot springs and geysers Groundwater heated by magma reaches the surface

20. OLD FAITHFUL

21. Caves Dissolution of limestone Lowering of water table

24. sinkholes

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27. Montezuma's well

30. subsidence Ground slowly sinks Due to GW depleation

31. Karst topography Acid groundwater dissolves limestone Series of sinkholes, disappearing streams, caves Common in KY, WV, TN, IN

33. GEODES Formed from groundwater dissolution recrystallization