1. Chapters 9 and 10 Review Tuesday, February 19, 2008

2. One through three 1)causal division definition: organizes a speech from cause to effect, or from effect to cause 2)chronological division definition: organizes a speech according to time sequence 3)mnemonic or gimmick division definition: organizes a speech according to a special memory device, such as alliteration, rhyme, or initial letters to spell a word

3. Four and five 4)need-plan division definition: a variation of problem-solution organization that (1) establishes a need or deficiency, (2) offers a proposal to meet the need, (3) shows how the plans satisfies the need, and (4) suggests a plan for implementing the proposal 5)problem-solution division definition: a rigid organizational pattern that establishes a compelling problem and offers one or more convincing solutions

4. Six through eight 6)pro-con division definition: organizes a speech according to arguments for and against some policy, position, or action 7)spatial division definition: organizes a speech according to the geography or physical structure of the subject 8)topical division definition: organizes a speech according aspects, or subtopics of the subject

5. The 4-S strategy 9) What is the “4 S” strategy? Explain why this strategy is effective, and describe each step. Steps: 1. signpost the idea 2. state the idea 3. support the idea 4. summarize the idea Why it is important: the 4 S strategy provides a basic template for organizing any speech

6. Pro-con or pro-con- assessment? 10) Why would a speaker change from a pro-con to a pro-con-assessment division for their speech? Explain your answer thoroughly. If you choose to defend the stronger position (pro or con), then your speech becomes pro-con- assessment. Pro-con is more appropriate for informative speeches; pro-con-assessment is more appropriate for persuasives speeches.

7. Transitions 11) What is a transition? Why are they important? A transition is a statement connecting one though to another. Describe causal, complementary, chronological, and contrasting transitions. Pick a topic and give examples of each type of transition for that topic. Causal: emphasizes a cause and effect relationship between two ideas Complementary: adds one idea to another Chronological: shows how one idea precedes or follows another in time Contrasting: shows how two ideas differ

8. Organizing question 12) What is an organizing question? Why is it important? An organizing question is one that will help you determine what ideas and information are necessary to develop your topic.

9. Definitions 13)Rhetorical question A question designed to stimulate thought without demanding an overt response. 14)Direct question A question that asks for an overt response from listeners. 15)Preview A statement that orients the audience by revealing how the speech has organized the body of the speech.

10. More definitions 16)Summary A statement or statements reviewing the major ideas of a speech. 17)Circular conclusion A conclusion that repeats or refers to the material used in the attention-getting step of the introduction.

11. Introduction 18) What are the functions of a speech introduction? (hint: there are five of them) Get the attention of your audience State your topic Establish the importance of your topic Establish your credibility on your topic Preview the key ideas of your speech

12. Getting your audience’s attention 19) What are strategies for getting your audience’s attention? (name at least five out of seven) Question your audience Arouse curiosity Stimulate imagination Promise something beneficial Amuse your audience Energize your audience Acknowledge and compliment your audience

13. Conclusion 20) What are the functions of a speech conclusion? (hint: there are three of them) Summarize your key ideas Activate audience response Provide closure