1. I. Europe after the Roman Empire
A. Once the Roman Empire collapsed, most of Europe was ruled by a series of Germanic tribes.

2. B. The Catholic Church-By the 4th century, the Christian Church became more powerful.
Jesus giving the keys to Rome to St. Peter

3. 1. A group of parishes was headed by a bishop, whose area of authority was called a diocese. Over time, the Bishop of Rome claimed he was the leader of the Roman Catholic Church. Later bishops of Rome became known as popes.

4. 2. Gregory I-Strengthened the power of the papacy by becoming a political leader. a) Monastic Movement-A monk is a man who separates himself from ordinary society. Monks were social workers, ran schools, hospitals, etc.

5. 1) These monks and nuns spread Christianity all over Europe.

6. C. The Carolingian Empire-In 768 C. E
C. The Carolingian Empire-In 768 C.E., Charlemagne became king of the Franks and was able to conquer much of central and western Europe.

7. 1. In 800, Charlemagne acquired a new title—Emperor of the Romans
1. In 800, Charlemagne acquired a new title—Emperor of the Romans. Symbolized the joining of Roman, Christian, and Germanic elements.
The Pope asking Charlemagne for help

8. 2. Carolingian Renaissance a) Preserved Greco-Roman ideas b) Monasteries played a key role in this preservation.

9. 3. End of the Carolingian Empire-It fell apart after Charlemagne’s death due to invasions of the Vikings and Muslims.

10. II. Feudalism
A. A social, political, and economic system in Medieval Europe. The most valuable commodity in feudalism was land.

11. 1. Kings-Ruled the land 2. Lords-Owned the land in the system 3
1. Kings-Ruled the land 2. Lords-Owned the land in the system 3. Knights-Agreed to protect the land for the lords. 4. Serfs-Worked the land

12. B. Chivalry-Code of ethics that knights were supposed to uphold. 1
B. Chivalry-Code of ethics that knights were supposed to uphold. 1. Defend the Church 2. Defend defenseless people 3. Treat captives as honored guests 4. Fight for glory

13. III. The Byzantine Empire
A. Justinian-Became emperor in His empire included Italy, part of Spain, North Africa, Asia Minor, Palestine, and Syria.

14. 1. Justinian’s Code-Legal code in Byzantine Empire
1. Justinian’s Code-Legal code in Byzantine Empire. He organized the complicated body of Roman laws.

15. 2. Hagia Sophia-The Church of the Holy Wisdom
2. Hagia Sophia-The Church of the Holy Wisdom. This cathedral had an enormous dome, which would become a mosque after the fall of the Byzantines.

17. 3. Hippodrome-Arena where gladiator fights and chariot races were held.