1. Section 2: Chemical Reactions
Chemical reactions allow living things to grow, develop, reproduce, and adapt. K
What I Know W
What I Want to Find Out L
What I Learned

2. 4(B) Investigate and explain cellular processes, including homeostasis, energy conversions, transport of molecules, and synthesis of new molecules.
1(A) Demonstrate safe practices during laboratory and field investigations.
2(E) Plan and implement descriptive, comparative, and experimental investigations, including asking questions, formulating testable hypotheses, and selecting equipment and technology.
2(F) Collect and organize qualitative and quantitative data and make measurements with accuracy and precision using tools such as calculators, spreadsheet software, data-collecting probes, computers, standard laboratory glassware, microscopes, various prepared slides, stereoscopes, metric rulers, electronic balances, gel electrophoresis apparatuses, micropipettors, hand lenses, Celsius thermometers, hot plates, lab notebooks or journals, timing devices, cameras, Petri dishes, lab incubators, dissection equipment, meter sticks, and models, diagrams, or samples of biological specimens or structures.
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Chemical Reactions

3. 2(G) Analyze, evaluate, make inferences, and predict trends from data.
3(A) In all fields of science, analyze, evaluate, and critique scientific explanations by using empirical evidence, logical reasoning, and experimental and observational testing, including examining all sides of scientific evidence of those scientific explanations, so as to encourage critical thinking by the student.
9(C) Identify and investigate the role of enzymes.
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Chemical Reactions

4. Essential Questions What are the parts of a chemical reaction?
How can energy changes be related to chemical reactions?
What is the importance of enzymes in living organisms?
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Chemical Reactions

5. Vocabulary Review New process chemical reaction reactant product
activation energy
catalyst
enzyme
substrate
active site
Chemical Reactions
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6. Reactants and Products
A chemical reaction is the process by which atoms or groups of atoms in substances are reorganized into different substances.
Chemical bonds are broken or formed during a chemical reaction.
Clues that a chemical reaction has taken place:
production of heat or light
formation of a new gas, liquid, or solid
Substances can also undergo physical changes, which change the appearance but not the composition.
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Chemical Reactions

7. Reactants and Products
Chemical Equations
In written chemical equations, chemical formulas describe the substances in the reaction and arrows indicate the process of change.
Reactants are the starting substances, on the left side of the arrow.
Products are the substances formed during the reaction, on the right side of the arrow.
The arrow can be read as “yields” or “react to form.”
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Chemical Reactions

8. C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O Reactants and Products Chemical Equations
Balanced equations
In chemical reactions, matter cannot be created or destroyed.
All chemical equations must show this balance of mass.
The number of atoms of each elements on the reactant side must equal the number of atoms of the same element on the product side.
C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O
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Chemical Reactions

9. Energy of Reactions Activation energy
The minimum amount of energy needed for reactants to form products is called activation energy.
Some reactions happen rarely due to the high activation energy required.
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Chemical Reactions

10. Energy of Reactions Energy change in chemical reactions
Reactions that release energy in the form of heat are exothermic.
Reactions that absorb energy in the form of heat are endothermic.
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Chemical Reactions

11. Enzymes All living things are driven by chemical reactions.
Additional substances are needed to reduce activation energy and reaction time in living organisms.
A catalyst is a substance that lowers the activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction.
Catalysts do not change the amount of product produced, nor are they used up during the reaction.
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Chemical Reactions

12. Enzymes
Special proteins called enzymes are the biological catalysts that speed up the rate of chemical reactions in biological processes.
Most enzymes are specific to one reaction.
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Chemical Reactions

13. Virtual Lab Atoms, Elements, and Compounds
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Atoms, Elements, and Compounds

14. Video Lab Atoms, Elements, and Compounds
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Atoms, Elements, and Compounds

15. Enzymes The reactants that bind to an enzyme are called substrates.
The specific location where a substrate binds on an enzyme is called the active site.
Factors such as pH, temperature, and other substances affect enzyme activity.
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Chemical Reactions

16. Review Essential Questions Vocabulary
What are the parts of a chemical reaction?
How can energy changes be related to chemical reactions?
What is the importance of enzymes in living organisms?
Vocabulary
chemical reaction
reactant
product
activation energy
catalyst
enzyme
substrate
active site
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Chemical Reactions