2. The Cold War: How Can a War be Cold and yet have Hotspots? 1

3. Day 1: Standards/Objectives SS6H7 The student will explain conflict and change in Europe to the 21st century. b. Explain the impact of WWII in terms of the Holocaust, the origins of the Cold War, and the rise of Superpowers. 2

4. What are the objects in this political cartoon? What do you believe “retaliate” means? What are these gigantic objects? Where do you think these soldiers are from? 3

5. Germany was divided into four “zones” Each zone was controlled by one of the “big four.” Berlin was also split in a similar way among the four powers, but it’s location in the Soviet controlled East, caused for increasing tensions among the former Allies. This tension increased in 1961! Why? I thought they were allies? France U.S.S.R Great Britain United States This is Germany at the end of World War II! 4

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7. After World War II, the Cold War began and caused tension throughout the world. The USA and the USSR were the two world “ Superpowers. ” The USA was a capitalist (market economy) society with a democracy (vote for leaders) The USSR was a communist (command economy) country with a dictatorship (no vote for leaders) Both wanted to be the most powerful nation in the world. 6

8. Nuclear Tensions The USA had exploded the A-bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki at the end of World War II. The USSR was also developing atomic weapons/bombs. Developed own bomb in 1949 The USA and the USSR were in competition with each other to have the best, most powerful weapons in the world – this was called an Arms Race. 7

9. After World War II, the world changed! Many countries became communist: - Czechoslovakia (1948) - Poland (1947) - Hungary (1947) - China (1949) - Cuba (1959) - North Korea (1945) 8

10. Countries become Communist… Korea becomes divided into two nations South Korea: democratic North Korea: communist, Mao Zedong becomes a dictator China becomes communistic: The People’s Republic of China in 1949 1954 Vietnam becomes divided North Vietnam becomes communist South Vietnam becomes democratic 9

11. The Domino Effect The USSR had a lot of power over the new communist countries (especially those in Europe). The USA was worried the U.S.S.R. or Soviet Union was becoming more powerful. The USA did not want communism to spread any further – they were worried about the domino effect (one country becomes communist, then another, then another, etc.) 10

12. This caused the world to become divided. At the end of World War II both countries wanted their government system and beliefs to spread The United States wanted people to vote and for democracy to spread The Soviet Union or U.S.S.R. wanted communism to spread. This tension/conflict between the two countries was noticeable. 11

13. What were the goals of these two countries? United States Containment: Do not let communism spread Assist countries to be democratic Wanted open trade policy U.S.S.R. Spread communism around the world Control all communist countries around the world Control trade of communist countries 12

14. How were these two government economic systems set up? Free Enterprise/Capitalism People are free to own or work for a business of their choosing Consumers and business owners control the economy Also named capitalism This is the economic system of the United States Democratic: vote for leaders Communism The government owns all the stores, factories, banks, utilities, transportation systems..etc The government has complete control This is the economic system of the U.S.S.R. or Soviet Union Run by a dictator, Joseph Stalin People did not vote 13

15. Cold War? The tension and rivalry between the USA and the USSR was described as the “ Cold War ” (1945-1990). There was never a real war between the two sides between 1945 and 1990, but they were often very close to war (Hotspots). Both sides got involved in other conflicts in the world to spread communism or stop communism. 14

16. What are the objects in this political cartoon? What do you believe “retaliate” means? What are these gigantic objects? Where do you think these soldiers are from? 15

17. Day 2: Standards/Objectives SS6H7 The student will explain conflict and change in Europe to the 21st century. c. Explain how the collapse of the Soviet Union led to the end of the Cold War and German reunification. 16

18. Lightning Round…. What is a “superpower? What type of government system does the United States have? What type of government system does the Soviet Union have? Describe why the allies began to have tensions between them. 17

19. Another Cold War Crisis … Germany East – West rivalry Berlin divided – Let’s compare /contrast the two halves. WEST: Wealthier, helped by US, jobs Attracted people from the East. EAST: Much less money, jobs Under Communist control Saw West Berlin as an “infection”/ “problem” 18

20. More Tension… The U.S.S.R- East wanted a demilitarized Germany demands reparations for past invasions. a rebuilt Germany would be a problem The U.S.A. –West The West believed the rebuilding of Germany was needed; join Germany into one country refused to pay reparations from West Germany to the Soviets. rebuild Western Germany 19

21. How did the United States respond to the U.S.S.R? President Truman promised to help any country that the U.S.S.R. wanted to turn into communist This policy was called the Truman Doctrine or policy of containment Soviet Union began putting restrictions on traffic to Berlin from Western Zones (March 30, 1948) 20

22. Western zones restricted exports to Soviet zone that were crucial to their economy All land and water traffic to and from Berlin was stopped- this began the Berlin Blockade Tensions and a war of words continued between the US and the Soviets- a full blown war was inevitable. The two million people in Berlin could starve! 21

23. Berlin Airlift US decides not to start a war and decides to send supplies to West Berlin by air Shows the resolve of the US to keep West Berlin C-47: Used to carry supplies (3.5 tons each) 22

24. Berlin Airlift 23

25. What other factors led to difficulty between these two countries? NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization (1949) Democratic countries of Europe and the United States formed to support democracy; also called the Western Bloc Warsaw Pact: The countries under Russian control at the end of the war agree to Russian control Difference in loyalties called the “Iron Curtain” 24

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29. The Berlin Wall 1961 28

30. THE BERLIN WALL 29

31. Why did the U.S.S.R. build the Berlin Wall? The city of Berlin is still divided! East Berlin: Soviet control West Berlin: Allies control Thousands of people fleeing from Eastern Germany and Berlin to West Berlin and West Germany In August 1961; the Soviets built the wall The Wall 30

32. People Escaping from East Germany or East Berlin to West 1949-129,245 1951- 165,648 1953- 331,390 1955- 252,870 1957- 261,622 1959- 143,917 1961- 207,026 1961- 207,026 1962- 21,356 1963- 42,632 1964- 41,876 Things are really tense! 31

33. The End of the Cold War President Mikhail Gorbachev, leader, Soviet Union in 1985, reformer Revolution in Poland and the fall of the Berlin Wall signals the end of the Cold War. Changes Soviet Union, Renamed Russia 32

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