2. REMEMBERING SOME OF THE LESSONS FROM 2013’S DISASTERS PART 3: FLOODS Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

3. PHYSICAL EFFECTS OF FLOODS- A PART OF THE NATURAL WATER CYCLE INUNDATION, HIGH-VELOCITY FLOW OF WATER, HIGH-VOLUME DISCHARGE, EROSION, AND SCOUR

4. DAMAGE FROM INUNDATION A RISK ASSESSMENT LETS DECISIONMAKERS KNOW WHAT WILL LIKELY HAPPEN IN A FLOOD EROSION, SCOUR, AND LANDSLIDES LOSS OF FUNCTION ECONOMIC LOSS RISKRISK

5. RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH FLOODS DAMAGE TO CONTENTS, LOSS OF FUNCTION OF BUILDINGS AND INFRASTRUCTURE, RELEASE OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS, TRANSPORTATION OF DEBRIS, AUTOS, AND HOUSES, ENVIRONMENTAL DEAD ZONES, AND DISEASE

6. LOSS OF FUNCTION OF STRUCTURES IN FLOODPLAIN FLOODS INUNDATION INTERACTION WITH HAZARDOUS MATERIALS STRUCTURE & CONTENTS: DAMAGE FROM WATER WATER BORNE DISEASES (HEALTH PROBLEMS) EROSION AND MUDFLOWS CONTAMINATION OF GROUND WATER CAUSES OF RISK DISASTER LABORATORIES

7. An element’s vulnerability (fragility) is the result of either a community’s actions and/or nature’s actions that change some part of the regional water cycle (e.g., precipitation, storage, runoff, transpiration, evaporation).

8. LESSONS FROM THE COMMUNITY Vulnerabilities typically enter during the planning, design, and construction phases of a community’s building and critical infrastructure programs.

9. LESSONS FROM A COMMUNITY Urban development or industrial development in areas that were formerly wetlands and locating buildings and infrastructure in a river floodplain will increase the risk (i.e., chance of loss).

10. LESSONS FROM NATURE A flash flood, Ice jams/ice dams on the river, and rapid melt of snow and ice and the resultant runoff will usually lead to a flood disaster.

11. LESSONS FROM NATURE Extreme or prolonged precipitation caused by a stalled low-pressure system, or after a long, hot, dry season, or after a wildfire will usually exacerbate flooding risks.

12. A COMMUNITY’S ACTIONS Actions that increase or decrease river gradients (deforestation, dams, etc.,) and actions that change the runoff pattern or rate (e.g., the city’s concrete footprint ) will exacerbate flood risks.

13. EXAMPLE SEVERE FLOODING IN LEBANON JANUARY 4, 2013

14. THE THAWING OF A WINTER STORM CAUSED FLOODING THAT CLOSED SCHOOLS THROUGHOUT THE COUNTRY AND LEFT FOUR DEAD

15. FLOODING IN LEBANON

17. EXAMPLE HISTORIC MOUNTAIN FLOODING IN COLORADO AFTER A HOT, DRY SUMMER MARKED BY DROUGHT AND WILDFIRES SEPTEMBER, 15, 2013

18. RECORDS SET IN 1919 WERE BROKEN AFTER A WEEK-LONG RAINFALL

19. BOULDER, CO WAS HIT ESPECIALLY HARD

20. BOULDER

21. Boulder, with a population of about 100,000, is located 25 miles (40 km) northwest of Denver and sited at the base of the foothills of the Rocky Mountains at an elevation of 5,430 feet (1,655 m).

22. IMMEDIATE IMPACTS WIDESPREAD POWER OUTAGES UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO CLOSED SCHOOLS CLOSED MUDSLIDES INUNDATION ISOLATED MTN. COMMUNITIES FOOD AND WATER DEPLETED

23. Miles from the Rocky Mountains, debris-filled rivers became muddy seas that overflowed banks\ and inundated farms and towns.

24. DEBRIS-FILLED RIVERS

25. CUMMULATIVE IMPACTS $ 150 MILLION IN DAMAGE THOUSANDS EVACUATED COMMUNITIES ISOLATED NATIONAL GUARD ACTIVATED FEDERAL ASSISTANCE APPROVED 1,200 STRANDED AT LEAST 5 DEAD

26. FLOOD WATERS: BOULDER, CO

27. FLOODING

29. CONTINUING RAINFALL, DAMAGED ROADS, AND LANDSLIDES SLOWED SEARCH AND RESCUE OPERATIONS

30. ROADS DESTROYED

31. MUDSLIDE: BOULDER, CO

32. AIRLIFTING

33. TOWARDS FLOOD DISASTER RESILIENCE

34. COMMUNITIES COMMUNITIES DATA BASES AND INFORMATION HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS FLOOD HAZARDS INVENTORY VULNERABILITY LOCATION FLOOD RISK RISK ACCEPTABLE RISK UNACCEPTABLE RISK FLOOD DISASTER RESILIENCE PREPAREDNESS PROTECTION FORECASTS/WARNINGS EMERGENCY RESPONSE RECOVERY and RECONSTRUCTION POLICY OPTIONS

35. CREATING TURNING POINTS FOR FLOOD DISASTER RESILIENCE  USING EDUCATIONAL SURGES CONTAINING THE PAST AND PRESENT LESSONS TO FOSTER AND ACCELERATE THE CREATION OF TURNING POINTS

36. 2014--2020 IS A GOOD TIME FOR A GLOBAL SURGE IN EDUCATIONAL, TECHNICAL, HEALTH CARE, AND POLITICAL CAPACITY BUILDING IN ALL FIVE PILLARS OF COMMUNITY DISASTER RESILIENCE

37. CREATING TURNING POINTS FOR FLOOD DISASTER RESILIENCE  INTEGRATION OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS WITH POLITICAL SOLUTIONS FOR POLICIES ON PREPAREDNESS, PROTECTION, EARLY WARNING, EMERGENCY RESPONSE, AND RECOVERY

38. INTEGRATION OF TECHNICAL AND POLITICAL CONSIDERATIONS INTEGRATION OF TECHNICAL AND POLITICAL CONSIDERATIONS THE KNOWLEDGE BASE Best Practices for Mitigation Adaptation and Monitoring Gateways to a Deeper Understanding Real and Near- Real Time Monitoring Hazard, Vulnerability and Risk Characterization Anticipatory Actions for all Events and Situations Situation Data Bases Interfaces with all Real- and Near Real-Time Sources Cause & Effect Relationships APPLICATIONS Implement Modern Codes and Lifeline Standards Relocation/Rerouting of Cities and City Lifelines Create a Hazard Zonation Map as a Policy Tool Introduce New Technologies Move Towards A Disaster Intelligent Community EDUCATIONAL SURGES Involve Partners in Turning Point Experimemts Enlighten Communities on Their Risks Build Strategic Equity Through Disaster Scenarios Multiply Capability by International Twinning Update Knowledge Bases After Each Disaster OPPORTUNITIES FOR TURNING POINTS: For Disaster Resilience on local, regional, national, and global scales