1. The Constitution of United States of America Mr. Montoya’s P.O.D Course October 28, 2013 Mr. Montoya’s P.O.D Course October 28, 2013

2. Objectives Analyze the rights, protections, limits, and freedoms included within the United States constitution

3. The Great Debate  Constitution continued debate within the states over states’ rights, individual rights, and functional organization  Divided United States into TWO political parties: Federalists and Anti-Federalists  Constitution continued debate within the states over states’ rights, individual rights, and functional organization  Divided United States into TWO political parties: Federalists and Anti-Federalists

4. Chronology  1774: First Continental Congress  1775: Battle of Lexington, Battle of Concord, Second Continental Congress  1776: Declaration of Independence written and sent  1777: Third Continental Congress, Articles of Confederation drafted  1781: Articles of Confederation signed  1783: Treaty of Paris signed, ending war  1787: Committee to revise Articles of Confederation -->Constitutional Convention  1788: Constitution ratified  1774: First Continental Congress  1775: Battle of Lexington, Battle of Concord, Second Continental Congress  1776: Declaration of Independence written and sent  1777: Third Continental Congress, Articles of Confederation drafted  1781: Articles of Confederation signed  1783: Treaty of Paris signed, ending war  1787: Committee to revise Articles of Confederation -->Constitutional Convention  1788: Constitution ratified

5. The Birth of Political Parties: The Players Federalists Alexander Hamilton  Beliefs in Government  Rule by rich and well educated  New government should favor merchants, manufacturers, and lawyers  Strong central government with a strong president  Favored industry  Wanted strong alliance with Britain  Centralized banking and create debt spending  Cynical  Loose interpretation of the Constitution  The North Federalists Alexander Hamilton  Beliefs in Government  Rule by rich and well educated  New government should favor merchants, manufacturers, and lawyers  Strong central government with a strong president  Favored industry  Wanted strong alliance with Britain  Centralized banking and create debt spending  Cynical  Loose interpretation of the Constitution  The North Anti-Federalists Thomas Jefferson  Beliefs in Government  Rule by everybody  New government should favor farmers, artisans, and poor classes  Weak central government, power given to the states to reflect individual interests  Favored agriculture and farming  Wanted strong alliance with France  Low taxes, small tariffs  Idealistic  Strict interpretation of the Constitution  The South

6. Match the quote with the Party: Federalist or Anti-Fed? 1.“The sheep are happier of themselves, than under the care of wolves.” ___________ 2.“Rich should be in charge, because they can’t be bribed.” ____________ 3.“Liberty, Equality, Fraternity.” __________ 4.“All societies need a governing class.” _____ 5.“All men are created equal.” ___________ 1.“The sheep are happier of themselves, than under the care of wolves.” ___________ 2.“Rich should be in charge, because they can’t be bribed.” ____________ 3.“Liberty, Equality, Fraternity.” __________ 4.“All societies need a governing class.” _____ 5.“All men are created equal.” ___________

7. Who are you? Consider the times and their separate beliefs: In a statement no less than 50 words explain what political party you support and why? Explain your answer. Consider the times and their separate beliefs: In a statement no less than 50 words explain what political party you support and why? Explain your answer. The Federalists or the Anti-Federalists?

8. Political Vocabulary  Ratify: To agree to, to formally approve, to sign  Amend: To adjust, modify or change  Veto: To refuse to sign  Bill: Proposed law  Suffrage: Right to vote  Bicameral: Two house congress  Impeachment: Charge to removal from office  Cabinet: Advisors to the President  Ratify: To agree to, to formally approve, to sign  Amend: To adjust, modify or change  Veto: To refuse to sign  Bill: Proposed law  Suffrage: Right to vote  Bicameral: Two house congress  Impeachment: Charge to removal from office  Cabinet: Advisors to the President

9. The American Constitution  Constitution divided into three parts  Preamble (introduction)  Articles--rights of government (7 Articles)  Amendments--rights of individual (27 Amendments)  Constitution divided into three parts  Preamble (introduction)  Articles--rights of government (7 Articles)  Amendments--rights of individual (27 Amendments)

10. Government and Man  Articles I-III  Separates power into three branches of government  Art. I-Legislative.; Art. II-Executive.; Art. III-Judicial.  Articles IV-VII  Power of Law  Power of Constitution  Articles I-III  Separates power into three branches of government  Art. I-Legislative.; Art. II-Executive.; Art. III-Judicial.  Articles IV-VII  Power of Law  Power of Constitution  Amendments I-X  Bill of Rights  Amendment XI-XII  Organization of Government  Amendment XIII-XV  Civil Rights Amendments  Slave Amendments  Amendments XVI-XIX  Progressive Amendments  Amendments XX-XXI  New Deal Amendments  Amendments XXII-XXVII  Great Society Amendments

11. Title this next section: Separation of Power  Create a new page and type out all of the following information in blue in a organized fashion

12. Article I: The Legislature A.K.A. Congress, The Legislative Branch, The Lawmakers  Bicameral: 2 house  Upper House=Senate (2 per state, 100 total)  6 year term  Led by Speaker of the House  Lower House=House of Representatives (proportional to population, 435 total--NM has 3)  2 year term  Led by Speaker of the House  President of Congress=Vice President of the United States of America The U.S. Capitol Building, Washington, D.C.

13. Legislative Powers  Make laws  Collect taxes  Borrow and coin money  Establish immigration policy  Declare war and raise armies  Approves treaties  Control interstate activities (trade, marriage, etc)  ****To do ANYTHING NECESSARY AND PROPER (The Elastic Clause)  Make laws  Collect taxes  Borrow and coin money  Establish immigration policy  Declare war and raise armies  Approves treaties  Control interstate activities (trade, marriage, etc)  ****To do ANYTHING NECESSARY AND PROPER (The Elastic Clause) Congress works at the Capitol Building in Washington D.C.

14.  Why is the power to “do anything necessary and proper” called the Elastic Clause?  What are the benefits and problems of this power?  Why is the power to “do anything necessary and proper” called the Elastic Clause?  What are the benefits and problems of this power?

15. How YOU can be a Congress- person!  Age 25 (H. of R.); 30 (Senate)  Live 7 years (H. of R.); 9 years (Senate) in your state  Have a lot of money for campaign  Be independently wealthy  Have people contribute money/support campaign  Age 25 (H. of R.); 30 (Senate)  Live 7 years (H. of R.); 9 years (Senate) in your state  Have a lot of money for campaign  Be independently wealthy  Have people contribute money/support campaign What would make you run for a political office?

16. Article II: The Executive  A.K.A. The President, The Commander-in- Chief, The Pres.  Term: 4 years, 2 term limit  President  Vice President  Cabinet (Sec. of State, etc.)  A.K.A. The President, The Commander-in- Chief, The Pres.  Term: 4 years, 2 term limit  President  Vice President  Cabinet (Sec. of State, etc.)

17. Executive Power  Commander-in-Chief of American military  Execute law, sign/veto law  Make treaties  Appoint judges

18. How YOU can be the Pres.  Be at least 35 years old  Be a natural born citizen  Live in the U.S. for at least 14 years  Have even more money for campaign than Congress-person  Be at least 35 years old  Be a natural born citizen  Live in the U.S. for at least 14 years  Have even more money for campaign than Congress-person

19.  What other qualifications should their be to be a president? List as many attributes/abilities as possible (min. 10).  What would it take for you to take the job of being president?  What other qualifications should their be to be a president? List as many attributes/abilities as possible (min. 10).  What would it take for you to take the job of being president?

20. Article III: The Judicial  A.K.A. The Bench, The Courts, The Judiciary  Term: Life  Organization Order 1st :Constitution 2nd: Supreme Court 3rd: Federal Courts 4th: State Courts  A.K.A. The Bench, The Courts, The Judiciary  Term: Life  Organization Order 1st :Constitution 2nd: Supreme Court 3rd: Federal Courts 4th: State Courts

21. Judicial Power  Interprets law  Reviews “constitutionality” of laws  Reviews lower court cases  Preserves balance against political parties

22. Interpretation “Loose Interpretation”  A.K.A. “Loose Construction of Constitution”  Interpretation of Constitution must be flexible  People change, society changes, technology changes-- >Constitution must adapt  What the Constitution doesn’t say EXPLICITY, the branches of government can do “Loose Interpretation”  A.K.A. “Loose Construction of Constitution”  Interpretation of Constitution must be flexible  People change, society changes, technology changes-- >Constitution must adapt  What the Constitution doesn’t say EXPLICITY, the branches of government can do “Strict Interpretation”  A.K.A. “Strict Construction of Constitution”  Constitution should remain the constant  The Constitution must be the measure of social, ethical, and moral change  Government can ONLY do what the Constitution EXPLICITLY says

23. Separation of Power

24. Checks and Balances