1. Adoption of efficient waste collection logistic solutions Chris Liebenberg Pr Eng CJLConsult

2. CONTENTS  ROUND COLLECTED REFUSE TRANSPORT OF ROUND COLLECTED WASTE  BENEFITS OF COMPACTING WASTE  WHEN WILL CAGED VEHICLES BE USED  ENVIRONMENTAL COST OF SOLUTION SELECTION  COST BENEFIT ANALYSES  IMPORTANCE OF GOOD DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS  IMPORTANCE OF DRIVER AND SUPPORT STAFF TRAINING

3. ROUND COLLECTED REFUSE (RCR)  Definition  Characteristics  Risks – Health and physical  Physical handling of the waste  Bags  Wheelie Bins  Other containers  Recyclable content

4. TRANSPORT OF ROUND COLLECTED REFUSE (RCR)  Open top trucks and trailers  Caged trucks  Compactor trucks

5. BENEFITS OF COMPACTING WASTE  Allows waste containers to be emptied into the vehicle from the rear, the front, or the side, and vehicles can be fitted with bin lifters;  Compacts the waste to a high density using hydraulic or mechanical pressure;  Removes the waste from view quickly; and  Inhibits vectors and insects from reaching the waste during collection and transport.  Compactor trucks work well where:  there are paved streets wide enough to allow passage and turning;  the waste is set out in containers or bags, so that crews can pick them up quickly; and  the density and moisture content of the waste are low.  generation of dual, or divided, compacting vehicles

6. WHEN WILL CAGED VEHICLES BE USED? Advantages of non-compactor trucks  Non-compactor trucks are a sound technical practice for solid waste collection under the following conditions:  The waste is generally very wet or dense;  Labour is relatively inexpensive, compared to capital;  There is limited access to highly skilled maintenance;  Collection routes are long and relatively sparsely populated, and  Downtime for maintenance must be minimized.

7. ENVIRONMENTAL COST OF SOLUTION SELECTION  Fuel saving (fossil fuel!)  Carbon footprint  Pollution from NO x, So x, CO 2 and CO  Risk of refuse scatter  Risk of vector propagation  Visual acceptance  Contribution to traffic congestion and road safety

8. COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS  Travelling time  Staff costs  Vehicle cost  Maintenance cost  Vehicle availability  Number of vehicles  Environmental cost such as carbon emissions  Management cost

9. IMPORTANCE OF GOOD DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS  Information is King!  You cannot manage what you do not know.  Data collected but not analysed is useless!  Act on the outcomes of the data collected and analysed.  What data should be collected:  All costs, fixed and variable (Capital, operational and maintenance)  Waste densities  Weight per load  Distances travelled  Performance

10. IMPORTANCE OF DRIVER AND STAFF TRAINING Why?  Equipment is expensive and must be handled by properly trained drivers and operators  Safety of staff  Environmental risks  Improved performance  Cost efficiency Outcome:  Productive staff who enjoy their work  Cost effective service.

11. CLOSING Summary Thank you Chris Liebenberg cliebenberg@cjlconsult.co.za 082 469 8416