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Marine Microbes. What is a Microbe? All three domains: Unicellular Important as: –Primary producers –Consumers –Pathogens –Symbionts –Sediment producers.

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Presentation on theme: "Marine Microbes. What is a Microbe? All three domains: Unicellular Important as: –Primary producers –Consumers –Pathogens –Symbionts –Sediment producers."— Presentation transcript:

1 Marine Microbes

2 What is a Microbe? All three domains: Unicellular Important as: –Primary producers –Consumers –Pathogens –Symbionts –Sediment producers

3 Marine Viruses Total dependence on host 10x more abundant than prokaryotes Infectious agents of all marine life

4 Bacteria Spheres, rods, and other shapes Heterotrophic and autotrophic Important groups: –Decay bacteria –Cyanobacteria (“Blue-green algae”) Why “blue-green”? Where can we find it?

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7 Archaea Similar shapes to bacteria Small (0.1-15 um) Prokaryotic Hetero and autotrophic So why aren’t they bacteria?

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9 Living on the Edge! Hypersaline lakes Hydrothermal vents Deep muds (anoxic) High acidity/alkalinity

10 But not always!

11 Prokaryote Metabolism  Autotrophy - Organic carbon produced  Photoautotrophy  Chemoautotrophy  Heterotrophy - Followed by respiration  Anaerobic  Aerobic  Nitrogen fixation  Autotrophy - Organic carbon produced  Photoautotrophy  Chemoautotrophy  Heterotrophy - Followed by respiration  Anaerobic  Aerobic  Nitrogen fixation

12 The Problem with Protista Extreme Diversity Single and multicellular Major size variations “Plant-like” protists act like animals and vice versa Structural diversity within groups Different evolutionary histories But where else do you put them???

13 Protozoans (“Animal-like”) Very diverse, though all eukaryotic and unicellular (some colonial) Heterotrophic (some photosynthesize also) Foraminiferans, Radiolarians, and Ciliates

14 Foraminiferans “Forams” Bottom dwellers CaCO 3 test w/ pseudopodia Biogenous sediments (limestone, chalk)

15 Radiolarians Planktonic Silicate test w/ pseudopodia Biogenous sediments (silica, glass)

16 Algae (“Plant-like”) Unicellular and multicellular Photosynthetic (some heterotrophy) Color determined by pigments in chloroplasts

17 Why aren’t they plants? Lack specialized structures (leaves, roots, stems, etc.) Some have animal-like traits (free swimming, heterotrophy) Simple reproductive structures

18 Diatoms Unicellular Mostly planktonic Primary producers in polar and temperate regions Chlorophyll a & c, Carotenoids Silica cell walls

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21 Dinoflagellates Planktonic producers (some hetero and parasitic) 2 flagella, cellulose cell wall Zooxanthellae Bioluminescence

22 Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) Seasonal blooms normal Usually dinoflagellates Eutrophication Why are they harmful? –Organism death due to toxins, O 2 depletion, gill damage, etc. –Toxins stored in tissues (ex. PSP)


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