1. CHAPTER 9 – WATER & OUR WORLD 9.1 – Exploring the Deep

2. Exploring the Deep SCUBA (Self Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus)

3. Exploring the Deep Newt Suit – pressurized suit that allows divers to go down to depths of more than 300m

4. Beneath the Surface Nautile

5. From The Surface Sonar (Sound NAvigation and Ranging)

6. Oceans from Above Aerial Photography and satellite imaging can provide us with information Shoreline movement Pollution Hurricanes and tropical storms

7. 9.2 – Oil: Wealth from the Ocean Floor

8. OIL What is It? Oil is the liquefied remains of organisms that lived millions of years ago Oil deposits lie deep under layers of rock and beneath the ocean floor

9. Drilling for Oil Offshore drilling wells are used to reach oil deposits deep under the ocean surface

10. Oil Spills Oil spills are a major threat to the environment Oil spills happen from either extraction or transportation Over the last 30 years, most of the oil has been from tanker accidents

11. Oil Spills Some oil settles on the ocean bottom Some evaporates Some is dispersed at sea Most washes up on the nearby coast

12. Ecosystem Effects Birds-feathers and ingestion Other animals are either poisoned or die from eating oiled animals

13. Exxon Valdez 40 863 000 L of oil spilled 22 orcas 250 bald eagles 300 harbour seals 2800 sea otters 250 000 birds Billions of fish eggs http://player.discoveryedu cation.com/index.cfm?gui dAssetId=E02DAFB2- 6F70-4AC3-961B- F7659291B441&blnFrom Search=1&productcode=U S http://player.discoveryedu cation.com/index.cfm?gui dAssetId=E02DAFB2- 6F70-4AC3-961B- F7659291B441&blnFrom Search=1&productcode=U S http://player.discoveryedu cation.com/index.cfm?gui dAssetId=24E13239- 7B72-4D62-9B84- 70D4A3CEE511&blnFrom Search=1&productcode=U S http://player.discoveryedu cation.com/index.cfm?gui dAssetId=24E13239- 7B72-4D62-9B84- 70D4A3CEE511&blnFrom Search=1&productcode=U S

14. 9.4 - Biodiversity

15. Biodiversity A measure of the number of different organisms in an area Some marine ecosystems have greater biodiversity than others

16. Biodiversity in Marine Ecosystems Continental shelves Estuaries Marshes Abyssal plain

17. Adapted For Survival All organisms adapt in life under specific conditions and can only accept minor changes to the environment For example most marine life would die if placed in fresh water Why do Estuaries make it difficult for organiam to live?

18. What organisms seems to have adapted the best? Why What organism seems to have limited adapatations? Why

19. Benefits to Biodiversity The more diverse an ecosystem is the more easily it can withstand change An ecosystem with little diversity is fragile (weak) and any change will greatly affect all organisms in that ecosystem. If one organism is introduced and if one disappears from this weak ecosystem.