1.  Art History By: Ashley Kim

2. Lesson Objectives  Students will determine their understanding of art history by collecting data from the four historical monuments: Parthenon, Stonehenge, Giza Pyramids, and Taj Mahal.  Students will determine their understanding of mathematics by analyzing different three-dimensional forms used in historical monuments.

3. Essential Question  What is art history?  A record of visual arts, incorporating information, interpretations, and judgments about art objects, artists, and conceptual influences on developments in visual arts.

4. Is this considered art history?

6. Explore historical monuments  Parthenon  Stonehenge  Taj Mahal  Giza Pyramid

7. Questions to consider…  What is the title of this monument? Who created it and why? Where was is created?  What are the dimensions to this monument?  What is the purpose or function of this monument? Does this monument serve the same function today?

8. Parthenon  Chief temple of Greek Goddess Athena (daughter of Zeus)  Was created by architects Ictinus and Callicrates  Began work in 447 BCE, and completed by 438  The exterior work was completed by 432 BCE  Located on the hill of Acropolis at Athens, Greece  Measures to be 101.43 ft. (30.49 meters) wide & 228.14 ft. (69.54 meters) long  In the 5 th century CE, the temple was transformed to a Christian Church

9. Stonehenge  Prehistoric stone circle monument  Cemetery  Locate on Salisbury Plain (8 miles from Wiltshire, England)  Made out of sersan stones and bluestones  Built in six stages between 3000 and 1520 BCE  Built when the Neolithic Period changed to the Bronze Age

10. Giza Pyramid  Pyramids were erected during 2575- 2465 BCE  Located near Al-Jizah (Giza) in northern Egypt  The three pyramids align with the kings they were built or- Khufu, Khafre, Menakaure  Great Pyramid was built for Khufu- Height 481.4 feet with the length of each side of the base being 755.75 feet  Middle Pyramid was built for Khafre – Height 707.75 feet and 471 feet each side of the base  Last Pyramid was built fot Menkaure with is being 218 feet high and 356.5 feet for each side of the base  Mastabas surround the three pyramids in which relatives and officials of kings were buried

11. Taj Mahal  Located in Agra, India  Mughal architecture (blend of Indian, Persian and Islamic styles)  Built by the Mughal emperor, Shah Jahan  Building began 1632  Finished by 1643  Total construction is 42- acres  Middle plinth is 23 feet high, four identical facades are 108 feet  Central dome is 243 feet at the tip  Symbolizes an Indian cultural symbol, and the importance of Muslim influence

12. What do all of these historical monuments have in common?  They are all made out of 3-Dimensional Forms!

13. What do you think architects use to build these monuments?

14. What is Surface Area?  The total area of the surface of a three dimensional object.

15. What are some 3-D forms we saw in the historical monuments?  Rectangular prisms  Triangular prisms  Spheres  Cylinders  Pyramids

16. Cube Surface Area= 6a 2

17. Rectangular Prism Surface Area =2(wh x lw x lh) h l w

18. Triangular Prism Surface Area = bh + 2ls+ lb s l h b s

19. Sphere Surface Area= 4π r 2

20. Pyramid Surface Area=2bs+b 2 b b

21. Cone Surface Area =πr√r 2 +rh

22. Cylinder Surface Area=2rπ 2 +2πrh

23. Now it is your turn!  Find the surface area of the Parthenon.

24. Solution  Triangular Prism  bh + 2ls+ lb  (13 ft)(5ft) + 2(21ft)(3ft) + (21ft)(13ft)=___ ft³  65 ft+ 126 ft+ 273 ft= 464 ft³  Rectangular Prism  2(wh x lw x lh)  2 (13ft) (11ft) x (21ft)(13ft) x (21ft) (11ft) =___ ft³  286ft x 273ft x 231 ft= 790 ft³  Add it all together  464 ft³ + 790ft³ = 1254ft³

25. Activity  You are the emperor or empress at your new kingdom.  1. Create a historical monument using the 3-D forms provided for you.  2. Transfer your historical monument onto the drawing paper.  3. Find the Surface Area in order to tell your architects how to build your monument!  4. Be sure to show all your work.