1. Mass Movements aka Landslides Def: movement of sediment due to GRAVITY.

3. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QdsxtC tX5nk&feature=player_detailpage

4. ROCKFALL

5. Rockfall- boulders

6. ROCKSLIDE

8. I-40 North Carolina Nov. 2009 ► http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZVYGJY nJTi0 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZVYGJY nJTi0 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZVYGJY nJTi0

10. AVALANCHE ► Fast movement of snow ► Caused by a weak layer of snow underneath surface ► Usually in Spring ► http://www.youtube.co m/watch?v=B0RWLxO FGLY http://www.youtube.co m/watch?v=B0RWLxO FGLY http://www.youtube.co m/watch?v=B0RWLxO FGLY Avalanche Danger In Colorado At 30 Year High, Says Expert; 6 Fatalities So Far This Season

13. Snowbird, UT Nov. 2011 ► ► Jamie Pierre, here performing an extreme jump, was killed while snowboarding near Gad Valley on Sunday.

14. Telluride

16. http://www.nwac.us/media/uploads/ documents/accidents/US_avalanche_ fatalities_by_user_group_by_year_1 997-2XXX.pdf http://www.nwac.us/media/uploads/ documents/accidents/US_avalanche_ fatalities_by_user_group_by_year_1 997-2XXX.pdf

18. Mudflow/Lahar ► Mudflow- clay mixed with water ► Usually in spring- snowmelt ► Lahar- volcanic ash mixed with water

19. Mudflow Java 2007

20. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VMJiibd VYjE&feature=player_popout ► http://www.youtube.com/watch_popup?v= VMJiibdVYjE&vq=small#t=34 http://www.youtube.com/watch_popup?v= VMJiibdVYjE&vq=small#t=34 http://www.youtube.com/watch_popup?v= VMJiibdVYjE&vq=small#t=34

22. Lahar MT ST HELENS

26. SLUMP ► Saturation of water + loss of friction causes soil below surface layer to drop downhill. ► Surface stays intact

37. CREEP ► SLOW movement of soil ► Causes tilting of objects ► Usually soil ► Result of freeze/thaw

38. CREEP

39. Creep

40. SOLIFLUCTION ► IN ARTIC CLIMATES ► In spring when top layer melts, moves slowly over permafrost

43. ARE MASS MOVEMENTS WEATHERING OR EROSION?

44. Factors influencing Mass Movement ► 1. Amount of moisture  More adds weight and makes slippery ► 2. angle of slope ► 3. lack of vegetation  Roots hold back movement ► 4. rock type  Sedimentary worst ► 5. Roundness of particle  Rounder move faster

47. Mass movements ► Cost US $4 billion per year ► http://landslides.usgs.gov/recent/index.php ?year=2009&month=Oct http://landslides.usgs.gov/recent/index.php ?year=2009&month=Oct http://landslides.usgs.gov/recent/index.php ?year=2009&month=Oct

48. Landslide Causes? ► http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JrV4uCV wmfk http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JrV4uCV wmfk http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JrV4uCV wmfk

49. Laguna Beach 2005

50. Philippines Feb. 2006 1800 dead

51. Sleeping bear dunes 1995

52. Prevention methods ► Fences/walls  Temporary fix  Gravity will win eventually!

54. Prevention methods ► Leave enough space!

55. Prevention methods ► Leave enough space!

56. Prevention methods ► Plant vegetation ► Roots act as anchors

57. Prevention methods ► Provide good drainage- excellent way!

58. Prevention methods ► Provide good drainage