1. Respiratory Anatomy 1/27/00

2. Anatomical Planes Superior Inferior Anterior Posterior Lateral Transverse Coronal Sagittal

3. Respiratory System Respiration: exchange of gas between an organism & its environment. Inspiration: Inhalation; drawing air into the lungs Expiration: The expulsion of air from the lungs Alveoli: Minute air sacs within the lung tissue

4. Nasal Cavity Oral Cavity Larynx Lungs Diaphragm Airway

5. Respiratory System What is included in the respiratory system used for speech? –Rib cage –Diaphragm –Abdomen –Contents of RC & AB

6. Axial Skeleton -Trunk & head Appendicular Skeleton -Upper & Lower Extremities Support of Respiration

7. Bony Thorax –Vertebrae & Vertebral Column –Pectoral Girdle –Ribs & Attachments to Vertebral Column scapula & clavicle –Sternum –Pelvic Girdle ischium pubic bone sacrum ilium

8. Vertebral Column Cervical Vertebrae Thoracic Vertebrae Lumbar Vertebrae Sacrum Coccyx C1-C7 T1-T12 L1-L5

9. Pelvic Girdle Illiac Crest Ilium Ischium Pubic Symphysis Pubis Coccyx Sacrum

10. Pectoral Girdle Clavicle Sternum Scapula

11. Ribs & Ribcage True Ribs False Ribs Floating Ribs Thorax Sternum Costal Cartilage

12. Ribs & Rib Cage Thorax: 12 pair of ribs Rib Components: –Head (articulating surface) –Neck –Angle (curve) – Shaft (largest; anterior) Rib Cage: –provides attachments (muscles) muscles provide: Strength, rigidity, continuity, & mobility

13. Ribs Three general classes: –True ribs- upper ribs (1-7), attach to sternum, cartilaginous attachment –False ribs- (8,9,10), attach to sternum via cartilage running superior –Floating ribs- (11,12), articulate with vertebral column only. Characteristics: –cartilage (chondral) attachment can be torqued strength and movement

14. Thoracic Expansion Vertical Transverse Anteroposterior

15. Thoracic Expansion Lungs must first be inflated creates a partial vacuum chest wall expands (3 dimensions): –vertical expansion: lowering the diaphragm –lateral & anteroposterior expansion: raising the rib cage

16. Lateral/ Anteroposterior Thoracic Expansion

17. Diaphragm Aponeurosis Relaxed Expanded Muscle

18. Diaphragm Flat sheet of muscle and tendon (aponeurosis) Shaped like an inverted bowl rim muscles contract flattening the dome on each side (vertical expansion) Pulls up on the lower ribs moving them outward Movement increases thoracic volume during inspiration

19. Diaphragm/ Abdominal Movement Diaphragm Abdominal Wall Pelvis Inhalation Exhalation

20. Respiratory System: Components Rib Cage Abdominal Wall Chest Wall Viscera Diaphragm Mediastinum Left Bronchus Trachea Right Bronchus Alveolar Air Sacs Pulmonary System

21. Chest Wall/ Pulmonary System Respiratory pump consists of the chest wall & within it the pulmonary system. –Chest wall: rib cage, diaphragm, abdominal wall, abdominal viscera, muscles of chest wall and abdomen. –Pulmonary system: lungs (3 right, 2 left), network of tubes (conducting airways) leading from trachea to alveolar air sacs (like upside down trees),

22. Relative Sizes of: A. RiB Cage Without Lungs attached B. Rib Cage with Lungs Attached Partial Vacuum C. Lungs Without Rib cage Attached

23. Pulmonary System Trachea: –Flexible tube –11 cm in length, 16-20 hyaline cartilage rings –Rings are 2 to 2.5 cm in diameter (smooth muscle) –Divides at Carina Trachea & becomes mainstream bronchi (bronchial tubes) Serve right and left lung

24. Bronchi Structure Trachea Mainstem Bronchi Alveoli Carina

25. Alveoli/ Capillary Bed Terminal Bronchiole Alveoli To Heart From Heart Capillary Bed Alveolar Duct Alveolus