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Alexander- Empire Builder
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objective Students will be able to demonstrate knowledge of ancient Greece in terms of its impact on Western Civilization by: ▫Explaining the conquest of Alexander the Great and the formation and spread of Hellenistic culture by Alexander the Great Essential Question ▫How did the empire of Alexander the Great establish a basis for the spread of Hellenistic culture?
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By age thirty-two Alexander had: Become King of Macedonia ▫Commanded more than 30,000 troops Conquered the known world ▫From Egypt to India Married three wives, had two children Crowned an Egyptian pharaoh Had his prophecy read by the Oracle of Delphi Had 12 cities named after him
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Map Activity Label and locate the following: ▫Black Sea ▫Caspian Sea ▫Mediterranean Sea ▫Arabian Sea ▫Persian Gulf ▫Arabia ▫Tigris River ▫Indus River ▫Caucasus Mountains Color ▫Alexander’s empire at its height Questions ▫Why did Alexander’s conquest stop at India? ▫Why did Alexander’s conquests not go further into Africa and the Arabian Peninsula? ▫What city was the location of the farthest east battle?
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Philip builds Macedonian power Macedonia located north of Greece ▫Rough mountains and cold climate Led to tough people who lived in mountain villages, not city-states ▫Looked at as barbarians, uncivilized Peloponnesian War weakened Greek city-states Philip becomes king of Macedonia in 359 B.C.
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Philip as King 23 years old ▫Brilliant general, ruthless politicians Transformed army into well- trained machine ▫Used phalanxes, heavy formation Once phalanx broke through, used Calvary Attacked Greece and won at Chaeronea ▫Alexander leads successful Calvary charge ▫Ended Greek freedom and independence Planned attack on Persia Died in 336 B.C. ▫Stabbed to death at daughter’s wedding ▫Alexander proclaimed king
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Alexander the King Only 20 years old Good education ▫Taught by Aristotle ▫Strong military training ▫Looked up to Achilles, Homer’s Iliad Demonstrates ability to rule ▫Puts down rebellion in Thebes ▫Destroys the city, kills 6,000 people ▫Survivors sold into slavery ▫Other Greek city-states frightened
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Alexander’s Invasion of Persia Wanted to carry out father’s plan 334 B.C. led 35,000 troops into Anatolia Troops met at Granicus River ▫Alexander attacks first ▫Calvary destroys Persians Darius III responds ▫Raises army between 50,000- 75,000 men ▫Outnumbered Macedonians ▫Alexander attacks, aims for Darius ▫Darius flees
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Alexander’s Ambitions Darius attempted to make peace by offering 1/3 of empire ▫Alexander rejects Marched to Egypt 322 B.C. ▫Welcomed with open arms ▫Visits temple of Zeus-Ammon ▫Crowned pharaoh Faced Darius ▫Returns to Persia ▫Darius raises army of 250,000 ▫Battle of GaugamelaGaugamela Alexander victorious ▫Occupied Persian Territories Babylon, Susa, Persepolis
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Alexander’s Other Conquests Pursuit of Darius ▫Chased Darius through Persia ▫Found his body near Caspian sea ▫After, turned east towards end of the continent India ▫327 B.C. crossed Indus Valley ▫Wins crucial battle at Hydaspes River Difficult battle, 200 war elephants Moral low ▫Had fought for 11 years, more than 11,000 miles ▫Decided to return to Macedonia Alexander’s Death ▫323 B.C. became ill with fever in Babylon
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Alexander’s Legacy Empire split ▫Antigonus: Macedonia/Greece ▫Ptolemy: Egypt ▫Seleucus: Persian Empire Ended era of Greek city-states Blend of new customs ▫Greek, Egyptian, Eastern ▫Example: Forced soldiers to take Persian wives Adopted Persian style of dress and customs Integrated army with Persians Influenced: ▫Julius Caesar, Hannibal, George Washington, Napoleon, George Patton ▫Studied Alexander’s war tactics Still today at military schools Connection with soldiers/loyalty Charismatic commander Shared danger, led charge
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objective Students will be able to demonstrate knowledge of ancient Greece in terms of its impact on Western Civilization by: ▫Explaining the conquest of Alexander the Great and the formation and spread of Hellenistic culture by Alexander the Great Essential Question ▫How did the empire of Alexander the Great establish a basis for the spread of Hellenistic culture?
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