1. Sounds in different patterns How do language organize sounds to distinguish different words? How do languages restrict, constrain of sounds? How are sounds organized into larger constituents (syllables, words, phrases)?

2. Tongue, sound waves, vibration of the fluid in the inner ear Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), sonography, digital acoustic analysis

3. Sound is vibrating air Vocal tract Lungs, trachea, larynx, mouth, nose

4. Get air moving, vibrating, shaping movement in different ways Pull down diaphgram Enlarge the lungs with air Diaphragm relaxes, ribs contract, squeezing lungs, air is out

5. Cartilage – Larynx (adam’s apple) Vocal cords (folds) - 2 fold of soft tissue Correct position with tension – air is flowing out of trachea Faster vibration – higher pitch of the voice

6. Epiglottis – prevent food Pharynx – tongue freedom

7. Mouth Active articulators – passive articulators To shape speech sounds as the air passes through the vocal tract