1. Prepared by: Shaima Al-aizary
History Of Computer
Prepared by:
Shaima Al-aizary

2. What is a computer?
A computer is a digital device which can be programmed to change (process) information from one form to another.
Do exactly as they are told.
Digital devices: Understand only two different states (OFF and ON - 0 and 1) 2 2

3. First Generation (1946) - ENIAC
First large-scale electronic digital computer was ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator)
30 feet long, 8 feet wide, and 8 feet high
3 additions every second, (incredibly slow by today’s standards).

4. Second Generation – Transistors
Walter Brittain and Willaim Shockley invented the transistor at Bell Laboratories
Replaced the vacuum tube as an electronic switch

5. Third Generation – Integrated Circuits
1959, Jack Kirby and Robert Noyce (who later became the cofounder of Intel Corp.) developed the first integrated circuit (silicon chip or microchip).
An integrated circuit (IC) is a system of interrelated circuits packaged together on a single sliver of silicon.
It is a way of placing multiple (millions) transistor devices into as single, smaller device, the “microchip.”

6. Fourth Generation - Microprocessor
A microprocessor is a Central Processing Unit (CPU) on a single chip.
1971, Intel Corp. introduced the first microprocessor chip.
Intel 4004
108 kHz and contained (equivalent of) 2300 transistors

7. IBM Personal Computer
On August 12, 1981, IBM released their new computer, named the IBM PC
2004 – IBM sells PC business to Lenovo

8. Apple Computers
1975 – Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak starts Apple Computer
1984 – Apple Macintosh with Graphical User Interface (GUI)

9. Laptops 1981 - Adam Osborne, produced the Osborne 1
Compaq laptop with color screen
2008 – Macbook Air – thinnest laptop
2011 – Dell XPS 15Z – thinnest Windows laptop

10. Trends from 1990 to today…
Microsoft continues to update Windows with latest version Windows called “Windows 8”
LINUX operating system, an open source version of UNIX, is taking on MS Windows and gaining in popularity
IBM has stopped making small computers; sold their business to Lenovo
HP, the largest maker of PC is planning to sell their PC division
Apple continues to be a major player in personal computers, especially for the “creative market”, iPods, iPads, iPhones, etc.
Google has become a major player in the Internet solutions

11. Trends from 1990 to today… Faster Smaller More reliable Less expensive
Easier to use

12. Fifth Generation
Fifth generation computing devices, based on artificial intelligence, are continuing to be in development.
Parallel Processing is coming and showing the possibility that the power of many CPU's can be used side by side, and computers will be more powerful than those under central processing.
The goal of fifth-generation computing is to develop devices that respond to natural language input and are capable of learning and self-organization.

13. Thank You
Thank you