1. Scientific Method and More

2. Defining Science Science – “to know” Pure Science research that adds to the body of scientific knowledge research that adds to the body of scientific knowledge has no practical use has no practical use Applied Science (Technology) the practical application of scientific knowledge the practical application of scientific knowledge

3. Defining Science PURE human genetics polymer science atomic theory study of the human ear APPLIED DNA fingerprinting Lycra ® spandex nuclear weapons hearing aids

4. 3 main areas of science 1. Biology The study of living things The study of living things 2. Physical science The study of physics and chemistry The study of physics and chemistry 3. Earth science The study of Earth and the universe The study of Earth and the universe

5. Some Science Terms Hypothesis – an educated guess, a prediction about what you think WILL happen Theory– explanation of things or events that is based on evidence gained from many observations Examples: Examples: Scientific Law – statement about how things work in nature that seems to be true all the time. Examples: Examples:

6. Scientific Method Organized set of investigation procedures. To find the answer to a problem.

7. Scientific Method 1. State the Problem 2. Gather Information on the problem 3. Form a Hypothesis 4. Perform the Experiment 5. Record and Analyze Data 6. State a Conclusion ***** Repeat the Work *****

8. Variables Variable– literally means “something changes” Independent Variable – the variable the experimenter controls and changes in an experiment …. Graphed on the X-axis Problem: How does light effect the growth of tulips? IV: the amount of light given to the tulips given to the tulips

9. Experiment setup Group 2Group 3 Group 4 Group 1

10. Dependent Variable– the thing you _________________ in an experiment (this changes because of the independent variable)… plotted on the y-axis of a graph Problem: How does light effect the growth of tulips? DV: the growth of the tulip (height) (height)

11. Control– set up exactly like the experiment, but has no independent variable in it (also called “control group”) Constants – these are factors that are kept THE SAME among all experimental groups. Same amount of water, same type of plant, same amount of plant food, same type of soil, same size container, etc.

12. Try this… Problem: Which laundry detergent cleans grass stains out of jeans better? Hypothesis: _____________ will clean grass stains out of jeans better than ____________________. IV:DV:Constants:

13. Any Questions? Get with a partner! Problem: Which type of mouthwash kills bacteria better? Hypothesis: (make sure it encompasses both the IV and the DV) IV:DV:Constants: How would a control group be set up?

14. Graphs 1.Line Graph Used for showing changes that occur in related variables Independent variable plotted on x-axis Independent variable plotted on x-axis Dependent variable plotted on y-axis Dependent variable plotted on y-axis Can be directly proportional Can be directly proportional Or inversely proportional Or inversely proportional

15. Graphing 2. Bar Graphs Used to compare a set of measurements, amounts of changes 3. Circle Graph or Pie Charts A circle divided to show how a part of something how a part of something relates to the whole relates to the whole