3. They Are Everywhere.

4.  Common Acids Hydrochloric AcidHClStomach Acid Ascorbic AcidC6H8O6C6H8O6 Vitamin C Phosphoric AcidH 3 PO 4 Fertilizers and Detergents Sulfuric AcidH 2 SO 4 Car batteries Acetic AcidC2H4O2C2H4O2 Vinegar

5.  Common Bases AmmoniaNH 3 Cleaner Potassium Hydroxide KOH Bleach, Bar Soap, Shampoos Sodium Bicarbonate NaHCO 3 Antacid (Tums, Rolaids) Sodium CarbonateNa 2 CO 3 Glass and Ceramics manufacturing Sodium HydroxideNaOHDrain Cleaner

6.  Acids taste sour (vinegar, lemon juice, sour milk.)  Acids can react with metals, producing hydrogen gas.  Acids conduct electricity  Acids neutralize bases

7.  In batteries  In swimming pools to kill bacteria and algae  In fertilizers  To help digest food in our stomach

8.  Bases have a bitter taste  They feel slippery  Bases cause color changes  They conduct electricity  Bases dissolve grease

9.  As soaps and detergents  In fertilizers to reduce the acidity of soil.  To treat ‘heartburn’ by neutralizing stomach acid

10.  Show whether a compound is an acid or base through a color change  Bromothymol Blue (BTB) Turns green or yellow in an acid Add a base and the color can turn back

11.  Show whether a compound is an acid or base through a color change  Congo Red Turns purple in an acid. Add a base and the color can turn back

12.  Show whether a compound is an acid or base through a color change  Phenolphthalein Turns pink in a base

13.  Show whether a compound is an acid or base through a color change  Red litmus paper Turns blue in a base  Blue litmus paper Turns red in an acid

14.  pH stands for Potential Hydrogen  pH is measured using a 0 to 14 scale  A pH scale is a way to measure how acidic or basic a compound is  A pH scale measures the concentration of H + ions  pH paper is used to determine the pH of a substance

17.  We can represent water as ions, H + and OH -  When an atom has an unequal number of protons and electrons, it has a positive charge or negative charge and is an ion.

18. Acids are compounds that break into hydrogen (H+) ions and another compound when dissolved in water. Bases are compounds that break up into hydroxide (OH-) ions and another compound when dissolved in water. The pH scale is actually a measure of the number of H+ ions in a solution. If there are a lot of H+ ions, the pH is very low. If there are a lot of OH- ions, that means the number of H+ ions is very low, so the pH is high.

19.  Acid H + + Base OH - H + + OH - H 2 O  Stomach Acid + Tums Relief  CH 3 COOH + NaHCO 3 H 2 O + CO 2  Vinegar + Baking Soda Water + Carbon Dioxide