3. Language

4. Memory

5. Forgetting

6. Problem Solving

7. Memory II

8. Anything Goes!

9. $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 Language Memory Forgetting Problem Solving Memory II Anything Goes!

10. Smallest unit of sound with meaning

11. Morpheme

12. Describe the babbling stage

13. Begins around 4 months; Infant spontaneously utters various sounds at first unrelated to the household language; Not an imitation of adult speech

14. Contrast the views of B.F. Skinner and Noam Chomsky in regards to language acquisition

15. Skinner: Language is learned through operant conditioning principles Chomsky: We are born with the ability to produce language (language acquisition device)

16. What are semantics (in regards to language use)?

17. The set of rules we use to derive meaning from morphemes and words

18. What is overgeneralization of grammar?

19. When children incorrectly apply grammar rules; “We goed to the store”

20. What is effortful processing?

21. Encoding that requires attention and conscious effort

22. What is the spacing effect?

23. Distributed practice gives better results than massed practice

24. Momentary sensory memory of visual information

25. Iconic memory

26. The capacity of short- term memory (working memory)

27. Limited; magic number plus or minus 2

28. What are semantic memories and where are they processed in the brain?

29. Facts about concepts not linked to a particular time in your life; Hippocampus

30. What is encoding failure?

31. If we don’t pay attention in the first place, we won’t encode it! (Penny!)

32. According to Freud, we do this to painful memories to protect our self-concept and minimize anxiety

33. Repress

34. What is retroactive interference?

35. You cannot remember an old memory because new information is blocking it

36. What is anterograde amnesia?

37. Cannot recall events that happen after the onset of the amnesia

38. Thinking in which you narrow in on one or two options

39. Convergent thinking

40. The inability to think of different uses for objects

41. Functional Fixedness

42. What is framing?

43. The way and issue is worded or presented (95% lean or 5% fat?)

44. Clinging to one’s initial beliefs even after new information discredits the basis on which they were formed

45. Belief perseverance

46. What is the representativeness heuristic?

47. A mental short cut in which a situation is judged on the basis of its resemblance to a stereotypical model

48. What is the loci method?

49. Mnemonic device in which a person associates things to be memorized with places

50. What is the three stage processing model for memory?

51. Sensory memory/registers

52. What level of processing is most effective?

53. Sematic (over visual or acoustic)

54. What are procedural memories and where are they processed in the brain?

55. Memories for motor skills and habits; Type of implicit or nondeclarative memory; processed in the cerebellum

56. What are episodic memories and where are they processed?

57. Personally experienced events; Explicit (declarative memory); Processed in the hippocampus

58. Elements of Pavlov’s experiment

59. US: FoodCS: Bell UR: Salivating CR: Salivating

60. A problem solving method in which a solution is guaranteed

61. Algorithm

62. Speech characterized by two or three words

63. Telegraphic speech

64. What is context congruent memory?

65. Enhanced ability to recall information when you are in an environment similar to the one in which you encoded the information

66. What is the linguistic relativity hypothesis?

67. Proposed by Benjamin Whorf; Says that our language affects our thinking

68. What is long term potentiation?

69. The neural basis for memory; Increase in efficiency of neural transmission