2. Forgetting Encoding Failure

3. Forgetting Storage Decay –Ebbinghaus curve

4. Forgetting Storage Decay

6. Forgetting Retrieval Failure

7. Amnesia (2 types!) 1.Retrograde Amnesia – “who am I?” Forgetting past 2.Anterograde Amnesia – Forgetting the future, no new memories *Ten second Tom

8. Forgetting Retrieval Failure: Interference

9. Interference : EVERYONE experiences interference! Not everyone experiences amnesia! Proactive - where old info interferes with new Retroactive – where new information gets in the way of old

10. Forgetting Retrieval Failure: Motivated Forgetting Self-serving personal histories Repression

11. Forgetting Retrieval Failure: Motivated Forgetting Self-serving personal histories Repression

12. Forgetting Retrieval Failure: Motivated Forgetting Self-serving personal histories Repression

13. Forgetting Retrieval Failure: Motivated Forgetting Self-serving personal histories Repression

14. Memory Construction Errors

15. Memory Construction Errors Misinformation and Imagination Effects Loftus memory studies –Misinformation effectMisinformation effect

16. Memory Construction Errors Source Amnesia Source amnesia (source misattribution)Source amnesia Déjà vu –“already seen”

17. Memory Construction Errors Discerning True and False Memories Memory studies Children eyewitness recall

18. Memory Construction Errors Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse? Areas of agreement –Sexual abuse happens –Injustice happens –Forgetting happens –Recovered memories are incomplete –Memories before 3 years are unreliable –Hypnotic memories are unreliable –Memories can be emotionally upsetting

19. Improving Memory

20. Rehearse repeatedly Make the material meaningful Activate retrieval cues Use mnemonic devices Minimize interference Sleep more Test your own knowledge, both to rehearse it and to help determine what you do not yet know

21. Brooke!