1. Mushrooms, Yeast, Mold, Mildew, Rusts
Kingdom Fungi
Mushrooms, Yeast, Mold, Mildew, Rusts

2. I. General Characteristics
A. Feeding Pattern = Heterotrophic
1. Secretes enzymes
2. Absorbs nutrients
B. Multi-cellular, eukaryotic
Exception: yeast = unicellular

3. I. General Characteristics
C. Structure = mass of
Hyphae (filaments)
1. Mass of hyphae underground =
mycelium
2. Secrete enzymes
3. Hyphae  surface area,
∴  rate of absorption
& growth

4. Fairy Ring = ring of mushrooms
Mycelium in center
has
used up
all the nutrients

5. I. General Characteristics
D. Cell walls contain chitin
(same as
exoskeletons
of insects)
E. Habitat
= warm,
moist

6. I. General Characteristics
F. Reproduction = BOTH asexual & sexual
1. Asexual = spores
2. Sexual = fusion of
+ & − hyphae types
3. Sporangia (spore cases) made
4. Spores made in sporangia

7. I. General Characteristics
F. Reproduction = BOTH asexual
& sexual
5. Exception :
Phylum Deuteromycota
(Imperfect Fungi)
ASEXUAL ONLY
6. Exception: Yeast
ASEXUAL ONLY (budding) ?s 1-10

8. I. General Characteristics
G. Ecological Roles
1. Decomposition /
recycling of nutrients
2. Food source
3. Help in food / drink production

9. I. General Characteristics
G. Ecological Roles
4. Symbiosis
a. Lichens –
cyanobacteria or alga + fungus

10. I. General Characteristics
G. Ecological Roles
4. Symbiosis
b. Mycorizzae –
fungus +
plant roots
 rate of absorption / growth

11. I. General Characteristics
G. Ecological Roles
5. Pathogens
(ringworm, wheat rust,
athlete’s foot)
6. Source of Antibiotics
E.g. Penicillin

12. II . Yeast A. Uses = Making food 1. Bread 2. Brewing 3. Wine
4. Soy sauce
B. Repro. by budding

13. III. Phyla of Fungi
A. Zygomycota
E.g. black
bread
mold

14. III. Phyla of Fungi
B. Ascomycota
E.g. yeast, morels, truffles

15. Truffles Grow underground, on the roots of oak trees
Oak tree roots
Grow underground,
on the roots of
oak trees
Cannot be cultivated
Very expensive
delicacy
Hunted with pigs
or dogs

16. Hunting for Truffles

17. III. Phyla of Fungi C. Basidiomycota E.g. most mushrooms,
bracket fungus,
puff balls,
rusts

19. Wheat Rust

20. III. Phyla of Fungi D. Deuteromycota (Imperfect Fungi)
E.g. penicillin,
ringworm,
athlete’s foot

21. Penicillin (First antibiotic)
Discovered by Alexander Fleming
In 1928
?s 11-18
Penicillin on an orange