1. Islamic Civilization “There shall be no compulsion in religion.”

2. Setting things straight… 0 Arab: Someone who speaks Arabic 0 Islam: a religion 0 Muslim: Someone who practices Islam

3. What is Islam? Founder: Muhammad (Great Prophet) 600 AD Key Beliefs: - Monotheistic - Extension of Christianity and Judaism - Quran- Holy Book - 5 Pillars of Islam

4. 5 Pillars of Islam 0 I. Belief in One God (same God as Judaism and Christianity) 0 II. Pray to Mecca 5x a day 0 III. Fast during Ramadan 0 IV. Charity to the poor (2.5 to 10 percent of salary) 0 V. Hajj (Pilgrimage to Mecca once during lifetime)

5. Sacred Sites 0 Mecca (present day Saudi Arabia)

7. Sacred Sites 0 Medina (Saudi Arabia)- Burial Place of Muhammad

8. Spread of Islam Middle EastNorth AfricaSpain & Sicily IndiaSoutheast Asia -600s -Palestine -Persia -Egypt -600s -Defeated North African tribes - Allied with North Africa to invade and conquer Spain and Sicily during the Middle Ages of Europe -700s -Indus River Valley and Northern India -1200s -Mainly through trade Caliph: Successors of Muhammad Caliphate: Period of rule by Caliphs from Muhammad’s death to the 900s during which Islam spread through military campaigns

9. Sharia Law 0 Islamic System of Law 0 Regulates Moral Behavior 0 No separation between religion and state 0 Applied religion to all aspects of life 0 No head of Islam (No Pope), which means Sharia law and the Quran are interpreted differently by Holy Leaders (Imams-Sunni, Ayatollah- Shia)

10. Shia vs Sunni ShiaSunni -Believe only descendants of Muhammad should be Caliph -Caliph are divinely inspired -Believe Caliph should be chosen by Muslim leaders -Did not view Caliph with religious authority

11. Social Patterns 0 Social Mobility: 0 More mobility the Medieval Europe 0 Through education, religion, or military achievements 0 Role of Woman: 0 Men and Women are spiritually equal in Quran 0 Women had rights as widows and in inheritance 0 Women had to consent to marriage 0 Adoption of Persian and Byzantine practices led to veils and seclusion in society 0 Treatment of Conquered 0 Non-Muslims paid special tax 0 Allowed to keep your own faith