1. Covalent Bonding How atoms share electrons

2. Very simple covalent bonds Two atoms share electrons to get a valence “Octet” Cl - Cl

3. Shared electrons The two Chlorine atoms share the electron - The nucleus of both atoms attract the the single electron of the other chlorine atom.

4. Hydrogen Each atom needs two electrons to fill the valance orbital. A covalent bond holds two atoms of hydrogen together because the pair of electrons is attracted to both nuclei. H - H

5. Nonmetal atoms form covalent bonds

6. Rules for Naming Binary Covalent Compounds Rule 1. The element with the lower group number is written first in the name; the element with the higher group number is written second in the name. Exception: when the compound contains oxygen and a halogen, the name of the halogen is the first word in the name. Halogens are group 17 elements

7. Rule 2 If both elements are in the same group, the element with the higher period number is written first in the name.

8. Rule 3. The second element in the name is named as if it were an anion, i.e., by adding the suffix -ide to the name of the element.

9. Rule 4 Prefixes are used to show number of each element Mono – 1 Di – 2 Tri – 3 Tetra – 4 Penta - 5 Hexa – 6 Hepta – 7 Octo – 8 Nona – 9 Deca - 10

12. Write the formula for the following covalent compounds 1. Carbon monoxide 2. Oxygen diflouride 3. Nitrogen tribromide 4. Calcium bromide

13. Write the name of the following: 1. SiO 2 2. N 2 O 5 3. CCl 4 4. IF 7