1. BONDING IONIC BOND COVALENT BOND CHEMICAL NAME CHEMICAL FORMULA

2. TERMS TO KNOW! ION: A CHARGED ATOM CHEMICAL BOND: FORCE OF ATTRACTION THAT HOLDS ELEMENTS TOGETHER IN ORDER TO FORM A UNIT IONIC BOND: A CHEMICAL BOND IN WHICH ONE ATOM LOSES AN ELECTRON TO FORM A POSITIVE ION AND THE OTHER ATOM GAINS AN ELECTRON TO FORM A NEGATIVE ION COVALENT BOND: A CHEMICAL BOND THAT INVOLVES SHARING A PAIR OF ELECTRONS BETWEEN ATOMS IN A MOLECULE CATION: POSITIVELY CHARGED ATOM ANION: NEGATIVELY CHARGED ATOM OXIDATION NUMBER: THE TOTAL NUMBER OF ELECTRONS THAT AN ATOM WILL GAIN OR LOS IN ORDER TO BECOME STABLE

3. DID YOU KNOW??? VALENCE ELECTRONS ARE THE ELECTRONS IN THE OUTER MOST ENERGY LEVEL Group 1Group 2Group 13 Group 14 Group 15 Group 16 Group 17 Group 18 12345678

4. IONIC BOND, WHAT’S THAT??? THE ONLY ELEMENTS THAT DO NOT FORM BONDS ARE THE NOBLE GASES THESE ELEMENTS CONTAIN THE MAXIMUM NUMBER OF ELECTRONS NEEDED TO BE STABLE (GROUP 18 ELEMENTS WILL NEVER FORM BONDS/COMPOUNDS WITH ANY ELEMENT) SO HOW DO ALL OTHER ELEMENTS BECOME STABLE??? THEY DO SO BY FORMING CHEMICAL BONDS: FORCE OF ATTRACTIONS THAT HOLDS ELEMENTS TOGETHER TO FORM A UNIT.

5. IONIC BOND EACH ELEMENT ON THE PERIODIC TABLE WILL EITHER GAIN OR LOSE ELECTRONS TO BECOME STABLE. ELECTRONS THAT ELEMENTS GAIN OR LOSE IN ORDER TO BECOME STABLE: OXIDATION NUMBER

6. OXIDATION NUMBERS Group 1Group 2Group 13Group 14Group 15Group 16Group 17Group 18 1+2+3+4+3-2-1-0

7. OXIDATION NUMBERS REMEMBER, ELECTRONS HAVE A NEGATIVE CHARGE, SO IF YOU LOSE YOU NEGATIVITY, YOU WILL BECOME MORE POSITIVE REASON WHY GROUPS I, 2, 13, AND 14 HAVE A POSITIVE OXIDATION NUMBER (CHARGE) SO ON THE OTHER HAND, GROUPS HAVE A NEGATIVE OXIDATION NUMBER BECAUSE THEY ARE GAINING ELECTRONS (NEGATIVITY) SO THEIR CHARGE (OXIDATION NUMBER) WILL BE NEGATIVE ELEMENTS IN GROUP 1 WILL LOSE 1 ELECTRON IN ORDER TO BECOME STABLE. ELEMENTS IN GROUP 2 WILL LOSE 2 ELECTRONS TO BECOME STABLE ELEMENTS IN GROUP 15 WILL GAIN 3 ELECTRONS TO BECOME STABLE

8. WHAT MAKES UP AN IONIC BOND IONIC BONDS ARE BONDS THAT FORM WITH CHARGED ATOMS AN ATOM WITH A CHARGE IS CALLED AN ION THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF IONS: CATIONS AND ANIONS CATION: POSITIVELY CHARGED ATOM ANION: NEGATIVELY CHARGED PARTICLE

9. IONIC BOND LET’S REVIEW THE PERIODIC TABLE AGAIN: EVERY THING ON THE LEFT SIDE OF THE PERIODIC TABLE ARE METALS EVERYTHING ON THE RIGHT SIDE OF THE PERIODIC TABLE ARE NONMETALS SO IF WE LOOK AT OUR OXIDATION NUMBERS AGAIN….

10. PARTS OF AN IONIC BOND YOU WILL FIND THAT GROUPS 1,2,13,14 ARE PRIMARILY ON THE LEFT OF THE PERIODIC TABLE- WITH POSITIVE OXIDATION NUMBERS-SINCE METALS MAKE UP MAJORITY OF THESE GROUPS IT IS SAFE TO SAY THAT METALS ARE Y0UR CATIONS GROUPS 15,16,17 ARE YOU NEGATIVELY CHARGED ATOMS (ANIONS) THEY ARE FOUND ON THE RIGHT SIDE OF THE PERIODIC TABLE, WHICH IS WHERE THE NONMETALS, SO IT IS SAFE TO SAY THE NONMETALS ARE YOUR ANIONS.

11. IONIC BOND OK NOW WE KNOW THAT IONIC BONDS ARE MADE UP OF CATIONS (METALS) AND ANIONS (NONMETALS). WHEN CONSTRUCTING IONIC BONDS: METAL + NONMETAL IONIC BONDS DEALS WITH THE TRANSFER OF ELECTRONS: GIVE AND TAKE RELATIONSHIP METALS GIVE UP ELECTRONS (POSITIVE OXIDATION NUMBER) NONMETALS TAKE ELECTRONS (NEGATIVE OXIDATION NUMBER)

12. IONIC BOND WHEN SHOWING THE TRANSFER OF ELECTRONS, YOU WILL NEED TO USE ARROWS SODIUM IS THE METAL (GIVING UP ELECTRON) WHILE CHLORINE IS THE NONMETAL (TAKING IN ELECTRON)

13. NAMING METAL + NONMETAL NA + CL SODIUM CHLORIDE NAMING IONIC BONDS 1.WRITE THE NAME OF THE METAL 2.WRITE THE ROOT NAME OF THE NONMETAL 3.ADD “IDE” TO THE ENDING OF THE NONMETAL ROOT NAME

14. COVALENT BOND THIS TYPE OF BOND IS MADE UP OF: NONMETAL + NONMETAL COVALENT BONDS SHARE ELECTRONS WE SHOW THE SHARING OF ELECTRONS WITH ONLY DEALING WITH ELEMENTS ON THE RIGHT SIDE OF PERIODIC TALBE (ANIONS) COVALENT BONDS CREATE MOLECULES

15. COVALENT BOND HYDROGEN SITS IN GROUP ONE WHICH MEANS IT HAS 1 VALENCE ELECTRON IN ORDER TO BECOME STABLE, IT MUST SHARE 1 ELECTRON WITH ANOTHER ELEMENT IN ORDER TO BECOME STABLE WE PLACE INTERLOCKING CIRCLES AROUND THE ELECTRONS TO SHOW THAT THE TWO ELEMENTS ARE SHARING THE ELECTRONS TO BECOME STABLE.

16. NAMING COVALENT BONDS SUBSCRIPT: NUMBER WRITTEN BELOW, TELLS YOU HOW MANY OF EACH ELEMENT IS PRESENT IN COMPOUND/MOLECULE SUPERSCRIPT: NUMBER WRITTEN ABOVE THE ELEMENT SYMBOL, THIS IS HOW THE OXIDATION NUMBER (CHARGE) IS DISPLAYED. 1.WRITE THE NAME OF THE FIRST ELEMENT 2.IF THE ELEMENT SYMBOL IS FOLLED BY SUBSCRIPT OF 2 OR MORE, PLACE THE APPROPRIATE PREFIX IN FRONT OF THE ELEMENT NAME 3.WRITE THE ROOT NAME OF THE SECOND ELEMENT, ADD “IDE” TO THE ENDING OF THE ROOT NAME IF THERE IS A SUBSCRIPT THAT FOLLOWS THE SECOND ELEMENT, ADD THE APPROPRIATE PREFIX IN FRONT OF THE ROOT NAME

17. CHEMICAL FORMULA TELLS YOU WHAT ELEMENT IS PRESENT IN YOUR COMPOUND AND HOW MANY OF EACH ATOM. TO CONSTRUCT YOU WILL USE THE CRISSCROSS METHOD: