1. Chapter 9 The Progressive Movement Section 1 Roots of Progressivism

2. The era in American history from about 1890- 1920 is known as the Progressive Era Progressivism: a collection of different ideas and activities about how to fix the problems within American society it was a reaction against laissez-faire economics they believed that industrialism and urbanization had created many social problems

3. Muckrakers Journalists who exposed corruption and social injustices Term coined by Theodore Roosevelt Magazines like this one often published muckraking articles

4. 1. Jacob Riis Photographed and wrote about conditions in tenements and factories, and on the streets How the Other Half Lives

5. Riis: Photographs “Dens of Death” “Five Cents Lodging, Bayard Street”

6. 2. Lincoln Steffens Muckraker who exposed government corruption The Shame of the Cities (1904) Uncovered direct evidence of graft

7. 3. Ida M. Tarbell The History of the Standard Oil Company (1904) Exposed monopolistic business practices Contributed to public outrage and support for antitrust legislation

8. 4 Ways Progressives Planned to Reform Society: Government Efficiency, Social Problems, Extending Democracy, Big Business

9. - They thought that managing a city required experts, not elected politicians. - Established commission plan, a city’s government would be divided into several departments, which would each be placed under the control of an expert commissioner. 1. Government Efficiency

10. 2. Social Problems - Women’s Suffrage - Child Labor - Workmen’s Compensation - Prohibition

11. Women’s Suffrage NAWSA formed in 1890 More women served as progressive leaders Anthony, Catt, and Paul 19th Amendment passed in 1919 Suffragists celebrate the ratification of the 19th Amendment

12. Child Labor 1.75 million under 16 had jobs in 1900 (not including farms) Progressives campaigned against child labor and for higher adult wages Child coal miners

13. Child Labor (continued) Famous photograph by Lewis Hine of a girl working in a textile factory

14. Factory Conditions: Workers Growing employment insecurity Fear of injury or death at work Assembly line workers generally paid by the task Women and children paid less Very few African Americans Workers began to organize

15. The Triangle Shirtwaist Fire Locked doors, highly flammable materials, no extinguishers, few exits March 25, 1911 146 people died, mainly young immigrant women Led to public outcry, increased legislation for safety measures The interior of the factory after the fire

16. Worked for Prohibition temperance- movement called for the moderation of alcohol. Prohibition: laws banning the manufacture, sale, and consumption of alcohol.

17. The Temperance Movement ” Supported curtailing or banning alcohol WCTU and Anti-Saloon League Targeted immigrants and corrupt politicians 18th Amendment (1919)

18. 3. Extending Democracy - Direct Primary - Initiative - Referendum - Recall - 17 th amendment

19. Direct Primaries Allow voters—not party leaders or bosses—to directly choose candidates Robert La Follette of Wisconsin

20. Initiative, Referendum, and Recall Initiative: citizens vote on a proposed state law Referendum: citizens vote on an existing law Recall: allowed citizens to demand a special election to remove an elected official

21. The 17th Amendment Bribery, corruption, deadlocks in state legislatures Directly vote for senators

22. 4. Big Business - Pushed for the break up of big corporations to restore competition - Socialism: the idea that the government should own and operate industry for the community as a whole party

23. Eugene Debs ran on the American Socialist ticket for president in 1912 and received a great deal of votes.

24. African Americans in the Progressive Era Reforms focused on poor whites and European immigrants Jim Crow laws in the South Plessy vs. Ferguson A black sharecropper

25. African Americans in the Progressive Era (continued) Ida B. Wells: Led a crusade against lynching Booker T. Washington: founded the Tuskegee Institute and promoted educational opportunities W.E.B. Du Bois: challenged blacks to fight for their rights… voting Ida B. Wells

26. The Niagara Movement In 1905 DuBois and other African American leaders met at Niagara Falls to demand full political rights and responsibilities. This led to the founding of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). Believed the vote was essential to bring about an end to lynching and racial discrimination