1. THE AGE OF EXPLORATION

2.  New desire for contact with Asia develops in Europe in early 1400s  Main reason for exploration is to gain wealth  Contact during Crusades spurs demand for Asian goods and spices  Muslims and Italians control trade from East to West

3.  Desire to spread Christianity and find new sources of wealth spurs exploration  Advances in sailing technology made long voyages for the purpose of exploration possible  In 1400s, the caravel makes it possible to sail against wind  Astrolabe makes navigation easier  Magnetic compass improves tracking of direction  Prince Henry of Portugal influences European exploration by setting up a navigational school  Portugal was the leader of sailing innovations in the 15 th century (1400s)

4.  Portuguese explorer who was the first European to sail around the southern tip of Africa  Cape of Good Hope is the name of the location Dias sailed to  His route stopped just east of Cape Town

5.  Portuguese sailor who succeeded in gaining a sea route between Portugal and India  The easternmost city Vasco da Gama reached was Calicut, India

6.  Portugal complained that the Line of Demarcation (1493), which was a boundary between Spain and Portugal, gave too much to Spain  Spain and Portugal argued over which nation had the rights to the land Columbus had claimed  In 1494, both countries signed this treaty  Portugal won control over the east – Africa, India, and Asia  Spain won control over the Americas

7.  In the 1600s, the English and the Dutch (Netherlands) controlled trade in the East Indies  They were able to secure power in the Indian Ocean because they set up East India Companies to control Asian trade  These companies were like governments that had the power to make money, sign treaties, and create armies

8.  Catholic priest from Spain  Protested terrible treatment of Native Americans  He did, however, advocate using African laborers