1. Third Agricultural Revolution

3. Third Agriculture Revolution
Possible solutions for Food Supply and Population Growth and Food Security
Expand Productivity
Green Revolution
GMO’s
Expand aquaculture
Expand Agricultural Land
Increase Exports from Countries with surpluses
Decrease Food Waste

4. Third Agricultural Revolution
Increase Productivity
Green Revolution
1930s
Increase yields
New fertilizers
Genetically modified seeds (biotechnology)
“Miracle Seed”
Wheat – short, stiff stalk& resistant to variation in day length, more beneficial to fertilizer, ready for harvest sooner
Rice – Indonesia rice with Taiwan dwarf rice

5. Increasing Productivity
Green Revolution
Better pesticides, fertilizers, insecticides
Improved farming machinery.
By continuing to improve technologically (especially with GMOs), we can increase food supplies for the foreseeable future.
Problems
Hybrid seed, fertilizers, pesticides, farm machinery, etc. are expensive, and may be impossible for poor farmers to afford.
Genetically modified crops are controversial, and may be unacceptable.

6. Biotechnology
All technological improvements on biological systems to either make or enhance specific agricultural goods or food products.
Sometimes called Genetic Engineering
Lead to Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)
Plants or animals whose DNA has been genetically modified, often through combination of DNA from a similar plant or animal species.

8. GMOs: Contentious Issue

9. Pro Se Court
Definition: Representing one’s self in court rather than representation by a lawyer.

10. Pro Se Court 1) Read background article 2) Bill Nye video
Assign roles (petitioner, respondent, judge)
15 minutes - individual reading and analysis
20 minutes – collaborate to make your case
11 minutes – pro se court in session
10 minutes – reflection and classroom application discussion
Petitioner states case.
Respondent states case.
Judges ask questions.
Petitioner offers rebuttal/closing.
Respondent offers rebuttal/closing.
Judges individually deliberate.
Verdict shared.
Reflection.
90s
30s 4m 5m

11. Third Agricultural Revolution: Green Revolution
Positives
Negatives
Increased food production
Increased available food supply
Saved millions of lives
Too expensive
Fertilizers, machinery devastated the land
Companies pushed for commercial over subsistence
Maladaptive Diffusion
Not all ideas are suitable for all places
Example: India
Economic effects?

13. Green Revolution 1940s - Mexico 1960s - India
Maize (Corn) first domesticated in Central Mexico
Needed to import to meet demand
By 1960, no longer importing corn
New “miracle” seeds appeared
1970 production doubled from 1950
Lack of diversity almost immediately
Green Revolution in India Reading for homework

14. Third Agricultural Revolution: Fishing & Aquaculture (Intensive…
Third Agricultural Revolution: Fishing & Aquaculture (Intensive…..unless)
Globally, fish supply just 6% of the protein people consume – but in East Asia it’s over 25%.
The world’s oceans are divided into 18 major fishing regions. Most – especially in the North Atlantic, and East China Sea – have been badly overfished.
As a result, aquaculture – “fish farming” – has become very important.
th_a_fish?language=en

16. Third Agricultural Revolution: Increase exports from countries with surpluses
Food Waste

17. Globalization of Agriculture
Green Rev Negative Effects due to globalization of Ag
Maladaptive Diffusion
Multinational corporations dictating crop production
Globalization of Ag not all bad
Improvement of transportation & communication
Establishment of Agribusiness

18. Agribusiness
Commercial agriculture characterized by the integration of different steps in the food-processing industry, usually through ownership by large corporations.
Expansion of Ag into secondary, tertiary, & quaternary levels
Primary: Food extraction
Secondary: Food production
Tertiary: Marketing & distribution
Quaternary: Ag Research
In MDCs, agribusiness has utilized some of the benefits of the Green Revolution to expand agriculture
New, more potent fertilizers & machinery
More land devoted to ag (but few people)
GMOs
Two specific byproducts of Agribusiness that affect the U.S.
Feedlots
Luxury Crops

19. Feedlots A plot of land on which livestock are fattened for market.
Agribusiness gave rise to CAFOs
Concentrated(or Contained or Confined) Animal Feed Operations
Limited mobility
Hormones, antibiotics, fattening grains to prepare animals for slaughter faster
Effects
Antibiotic resistance
Bacterial outbreaks (E. coli, salmonella, mad cow disease)
Greenhouse gasses & waste

26.
Hand out Commodity Chain for Chicken Homework

27. Ag-Gag Bills
Limits (MO) or prohibits (UT & IA) taking pictures or videos in Agribusiness facilities

28. Organic and Natural Foods movement

29. Luxury Crops
Non-subsistence crops such as tea, cacao, coffee, and tobacco.
Also includes crops not necessary for daily living
Bananas, pineapples, flowers
Produced
Plantations in LDCs
Consumed
MDCs

30. Urban Agriculture Agriculture in our major urban areas
Response to urban sprawl
Benefits
Don’t need a lot of land
Fewer fertilizers
Could employ more people
Transportation costs greatly diminished
Drawbacks
Need new technologies
Fewer machines = more labor intensive
Limited crops