1. 13.4 – Applications of Genetic Engineering

2. Transgenic Organisms
Transgenic Organisms – contain genes from other organisms
These are produced by genetic engineering
Have helped bacteria produce things like insulin, growth hormone, and clotting factors that were once very expensive
Allowed animals immune system to act more like humans which allows them to study effects of disease
Can grow animals that are more lean

5. Cloning
Clone – member of a population of genetically identical cells produced from a single cell
Bacteria can be cloned quite easily
In 1997, a Scottish scientist (Ian Wilmut) announced he had cloned a sheep - Dolly

6. Cloning of the First Mammal
A donor cell is taken from a sheep’s udder.
Donor Nucleus
These two cells are fused using an electric shock.
Fused Cell
Egg Cell
The nucleus of the egg cell is removed.
An egg cell is taken from an adult female sheep.
The fused cell begins dividing normally.
Cloned Lamb
Embryo
The embryo develops normally into a lamb—Dolly
The embryo is placed in the uterus of a foster mother.
Foster Mother

7. Injaz the Camel
April 2009 in Dubai

8. Carbon Copy Cat
Cc surprised many when she was born and did not look or act exactly like the genetic mother

9. Daisy the Cow
Daisy in July of 1999

10. Dolly

11. Snuppy

12. Human Cloning
In 2005 the UN approved a non-binding global ban on human cloning
In US it is legal for non-embryonic stem cell research under certain regulations