3. Although water covers over 70 percent of the Earth, less than 1 percent (0.3%) is available as freshwater for human use. The vast majority of the water on this “blue planet” is found in the ocean, and is salt-water. It is unusable to us. Of the freshwater available on Earth, about two-thirds is frozen in ice caps and glaciers, which leaves only a small fraction accessible for human use.

4. Groundwater - water underground in aquifers (highly permeable rocks, soil, and sand)— can be extracted through wells or found as springs. This is NOT our primary source! Surface water - such as that in lakes, reservoirs, rivers, and streams—is the primary water source for humans. (0.3%)

5. Can cost over $1,000 per acre- foot to desalinate (unsalt) seawater to make it available for human use. TOO EXPENSIVE!!!

6. There is the SAME water on Earth as there was when the Earth was formed. The water from your faucet could contain molecules that dinosaurs drank. There is the SAME water on Earth as there was when the Earth was formed. The water from your faucet could contain molecules that dinosaurs drank. HOW is that possible?

7. Water is constantly being renewed in the water cycle!

8. As the sun warms the water I EVAPORATE and become a gas.

9. When rising I group with other water molecules because of the cool air to form clouds. CONDENSATION

10. Cool air at the top of the mountain prevents me from going higher. I fall to the ground in the form of PRECIPITATION

11. I RUNOFF into Streams, lakes And the ocean I RUNOFF Into streams, rivers, lakes and oceans!

12. I may also INFILTRATE The soil.

13. “I sometimes TRANSPIRE out of a Plant!”

15. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=StPobH5 ODTw&feature=related A short Water Cycle Video

16. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i3NeM VBcXXU

19. The turning of liquid water into a gas

20. Water evaporating from plant leaves Water evaporating from plant leaves

21. Water turning from a gas into a liquid Water turning from a gas into a liquid

22. Water falling back to Earth in the form of rain, snow, sleet or hail Water falling back to Earth in the form of rain, snow, sleet or hail

23. Water flowing over the Earth’s surface Water flowing over the Earth’s surface

24. Infiltration is the process by which water enters the soil from the ground surface. Infiltration is the process by which water enters the soil from the ground surface. Will only happen if there is room available for additional water in the soil. If no room is available, runoff then runoff occurs. Infiltration is the process by which water enters the soil from the ground surface. Infiltration is the process by which water enters the soil from the ground surface. Will only happen if there is room available for additional water in the soil. If no room is available, runoff then runoff occurs.

25. The movement of water through the soil The movement of water through the soil

26. Create dams and reservoirs for use, irrigation, electricity Create dams and reservoirs for use, irrigation, electricity

27. Where is it located? How does it get there?

28. Where is ground water located? When precipitation hits the soil where does the water go? The water moves into the spaces between the particles of sand. Groundwater is stored in-- and moves slowly through-- layers of soil, sand and rocks called aquifers.

29. How does the water get into the soil? Infiltration Percolation Infiltration and Percolation

30. Porosity – percent of rock that contains pore spaces. Porosity – percent of rock that contains pore spaces. Permeability the measure of ability to transmit fluids Permeability – the measure of ability to transmit fluids. Porosity – percent of rock that contains pore spaces. Porosity – percent of rock that contains pore spaces. Permeability the measure of ability to transmit fluids Permeability – the measure of ability to transmit fluids. Porosity & Permeability

32. AquifersAquifers The area where water fills the aquifer is called the saturated zone. The top of this zone is called the water table.

33. The water table may be located only a foot below the ground’s surface or it can sit hundreds of feet down.

34. How can ground water be used? Water in aquifers is brought to the surface naturally through a spring or can be discharged into lakes and streams. Groundwater can also be extracted through a well drilled into the aquifer. Groundwater supplies are replenished, or recharged, by rain and snow melt.

35. How much water does it take to produce… 1 slice of bread? 634 gallons More than 10 gallons 1 cotton T-shirt? More than 713 gallons 1 gallon of milk? 1000 gallons 1 hamburger?

36. Water Shortages In some areas of the world, people face serious water shortages because groundwater is used faster than it is naturally replenished. In other areas groundwater is polluted by human activities.

37. Did you know…American residents use about 100 gallons of water per day per person. Residents of sub- Saharan Africa use only 2-5 gallons of water per day

40. Why should you care?

41. 3 minutes without oxygen 3 minutes without oxygen 3 days without water 3 days without water 3 weeks without food 3 weeks without food Unless you are Superman! 3 minutes without oxygen 3 minutes without oxygen 3 days without water 3 days without water 3 weeks without food 3 weeks without food Unless you are Superman!

43. Bottled Water – Friend or Foe? If you drink your daily recommended 8 glasses of water per day from the tap, it will cost you about 50 cents per year. If you choose to drink it from water bottles, it will cost you about $1,400 dollars. More than 25% of bottled wate comes from a municipal water supply, the same place that tap water comes from.