1. Constitutional Convention May-Sept. 1787 89/116 days 55 delegates Average age: 42 Secret Meetings at Philadelphia’s Independence Hall

4. James Madison Father of the Constitution

5. Important Compromises The Great Compromise 3/5 Compromise Commerce and Slavery Compromise Compromise between State and Central Power – Federalism Add a Bill of Rights

6. Great Compromise Connecticut Compromise Virginia Plan –Three branches Legislature-bicameral –Popular election –Based on population/revenue Legislature elects judicial/executive New Jersey Plan –Three branches Legislature-unicameral –By state Executive Panel appointed by legislature “Supreme Tribunal” appointed by executuve panel 3 Branches- 1. Bicameral Legislature House of Representatives based on population Senate 2 per state 2. Elected Executive 3. Supreme Court Appointed by the President Approved by the Senate

7. 3/5 Compromise 3/5 Compromise How shall slaves be counted? For purposes of representation? –Count them equally!!! –Southern States –Wait, they can’t vote! Or hold property…or be citizens…Don’t count them at all!!!! –Northern States but for tax purposes???? Compromise: –For purposes of determining the number of representatives- Slaves shall be counted at 3/5

8. Commerce and Slavery clause No taxes on Exports Congress could not prohibit the slave trade for 20 years –Congress outlaws the importation of slaves in 1808

9. Federalism Distributes government power between a central government and state governments

10. Ratification 9/13 Federalists –Support –Write “The Federalists Papers” –James Madison –Alexander Hamilton –John Jay Anti-Federalists –Don’t like: Ratification procedure No mention of God Central gov is too big –State’s rights NO BILL OF RIGHTS –Patrick Henry –Richard Henry Lee –John Hancock –Sam Adams –Thomas Jefferson

12. Thinking By Analogy United NationsConsider a proposal to give the United Nations the following: –power to tax and spend money for global warfare –exclusive power to issue currency –control of international commerce –jurisdiction over all cases involving the UN Charter –jurisdiction over cases involving more than 1 country –power to take over national armies to execute UN law –power to make any law thought “necessary & proper” In what ways would this proposal affect the sovereignty of member nations? During the following discussion, think how this analogy does/does not reflect the the situation faced by the citizens of the 13 states in 1787….