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Chapter 11 Deformation of the Crust
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What causes this to happen?
1. Plate Movement
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2. Isostatic Adjustment change in weight of some parts of the crust causing it to move up and down and deform the crust (glaciers, mountains)
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Types of stress 1. Tensional: pulling apart; elongates or breaks rocks
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2. Compressional: pushes together; shortens rocks
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3. Shear: pushed in opposite horizontal directions, bends and/or twists rocks
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Stress is stored in rocks as STRAIN
STRAIN greater than rock strength, deformation happens!
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Results of Stress Folding Anticline Syncline Monocline 2. Fault Normal
Reverse Thrust Strike-Slip
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Anticline Looks like a dome...
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Syncline …looks like a bowl
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…looks like a stair step
Monocline …looks like a stair step
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Results of Stress 2. Faulting: rocks fracture, then move
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Hanging wall: you could hang a lantern from it...
Foot wall: you could put your foot on it...
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…relative to the foot wall. Tensional stress.
A. normal fault, the hanging wall moves down... …relative to the foot wall. Tensional stress.
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…relative to the foot wall. Compressional stress.
B. reverse fault, the hanging wall moves up... …relative to the foot wall. Compressional stress.
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C. Thrust fault: type of reverse fault at a low angle.
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d. Strike-slip fault Rock slide past each other on the horizontal plane Shear stress Transform boundaries San Andreas fault
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