1. A Natural, Simple, Non Intrusive Approach to Beekeeping John Haverson

2. Bees in Hollow Trees Cluster at the top of a new cavity Seal up cracks to eliminate draughts. Construct honeycomb with different cell sizes Retain a dome of honey and pollen reserves Maintain a nest temperature of 35deg C Ensure the queen has access to all honeycomb. Expand the nest downwards, building fresh comb.

3. Early Beekeeping Before Frames Fixed natural comb Straw skeps Wooden hives of various design Use of the Nadir* *a box added under the hive to give bees extra space

4. Common Approach – Use of the Nadir Traditional hive in Japan during the Edo period (A.D.1586 to A.D.1911) Johann Ludwig Christ (1739-1813) Edward Bevan (1770-1860) Emile Warré ( ? -1951) Johann Thür - importance of ‘Nestduftwärmebindung’ Beekeeping: natural, simple and ecological (1946)

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7. Photo D Heaf

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9. Photo C Haverson

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11. Natural honeycomb Sized to suit colony requirements Constructed when required Free from pesticide pollutants

12. Photo Marc Gatineau

14. Photo D Heaf

15. Harvest

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