1. Kinesiology for Manual Therapies
Chapter 1
Foundations of Structural Kinesiology
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2. Learning Outcomes
1-1 Define structural kinesiology and functional anatomy.
1-2 Review the terminology used to describe body-part locations, reference positions, and anatomical directions.
1-3 Recognize the planes of motion and their respective axes of rotation in relation to human movement.
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3. Learning Outcomes
1-4 Identify the various types of bones and joints in the human body and their characteristics.
1-5 Describe and demonstrate the joint movements.

4. Introduction Kinesiology – the science of muscle movement
Structural kinesiology – the study of muscles, bones, and joints as they are involved in the science of movement
Functional anatomy – functional actions of muscles
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5. Reference Positions Anatomical Position
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6. Anatomical Directional Terminology
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7. Body Regions Axial region Appendicular region
Cephalic, cervical, trunk, upper, and lower extremities
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8. Planes of Motion Anatomical Planes of Reference
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9. Axes of Rotation
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10. Skeletal System
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11. Skeletal Functions Protects vital soft tissue
Supports to maintain posture
Facilitates movement
Stores minerals
Enables hemopoiesis
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12. Types of Joints Synarthrodial (immovable joints) Suture Syndesmosis
Gomphosis
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13. Types of Joints (cont.) Amphiarthrodial Symphysis Synchondrosis
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14. Types of Joints (cont.) Diarthrodial Joints Arthrodial – gliding
Condyloid – biaxial ball-and-socket
Enarthrodial – ball-and-socket
Ginglymus – hinge
Sellar – saddle
Trochoid – pivot
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15. Types of Joints (cont.)
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16. Movements in Joints Abduction Adduction Flexion Extension
Circumduction
External Rotation
Internal Rotation
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17. Terms Describing Ankle and Foot Movements
Eversion
Inversion
Dorsiflexion
Plantarflexion
Pronation
Supination
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18. Terms Describing Radioulnar Joint Movements
Pronation
Supination
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19. Terms Describing Shoulder Girdle Movements
Elevation
Depression
Rotation Upward
Rotation Downward
Protraction (Abduction)
Retraction (Adduction)
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20. Terms Describing Shoulder Joint Movements
Horizontal Abduction
Horizontal Adduction
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21. Terms Describing Spine Movements
Lateral Flexion – Side Bending
Extension – Reduction
Rotation
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22. Terms Describing Wrist and Hand Movements
Dorsal Flexion – Extension
Palmar Flexion
Radial Flexion
Ulnar Flexion
Opposition of the Thumb
Reposition of the Thumb
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23. Chapter Summary
Reference positions, anatomical directional terminology, body regions, planes of motion, and axes of rotation will assist the student to have a foundation for the kinesiology of movement.
The skeletal system, types of joints, and basic movements provide a foundation for building the knowledge of each muscle, location, origin, insertion, and actions.
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24. The questions are designed for the students to test their knowledge.
Chapter Review
The Chapter Review is divided into true and false, short answers, and multiple choice questions.
The questions are designed for the students to test their knowledge.
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25. Explore and Practice
Students should utilize the charts at the end of the chapter to practice relationships of movement, the joints, and the planes of motion.
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